Graduate Course Descriptions

IAFF 6112: International Organizations: Peace & Security

This course examines the roles of international organizations in the international peace and security field. We will focus on conflict management and resolution; terrorism; arms control and disarmament; the women, peace and security agenda; and other global peace and security challenges. The course provides an overview of theoretical insights, relevant historical developments, background on specific issues and cases, and examines different international perspectives on these matters. Part I of the course focuses on the United Nations. Part II of the course analyzes the activities of regional organizations, focusing on their security environments, their evolutions over time, and their activities in the peace and security arena. Organizations that will be examined include: the AU; ASEAN; LAS and the GCC; the EU, NATO, OSCE; and the OAS.

IAFF 6118: Global Electricity Markets

This course provides an in-depth introduction of the structure and operation of the power grid and electricity markets in advanced economies and developing nations. The class will discuss electric grid models, power generation and storage, transmission costs, operation, and environmental aspects of power technologies in developing countries and the US, EU, and G20 nations. Students will learn about electric energy, capacity, ancillary markets, and how electricity is priced in different models. The role of electric transmission and the challenges of providing reliable power to meet growing AI and Data Center demand and decarbonization will also be covered. Retail electric utility regulation and buying and selling renewable power will also be covered. Students can explore their country or regional interests through a course paper or electricity report.

IAFF 6118: The Ethics of Foreign Aid

This class will explore the ethical issues surrounding foreign aid. We will address questions such as: Are individuals in wealthier countries morally obligated to give resources to people in poorer countries, and if so, how much? Sometimes aid comes in the form of "development assistance" with political conditions attached. Are wealthy countries and international financial institutions ever morally justified in attaching these conditions? If so, when, and what kinds of conditions is it morally permissible for them to attach? How should we evaluate the morality of NGO aid programs that provide valuable goods and services, but also become complicit in wrongdoing within the communities they aim to help and/or make those communities dependent on foreign aid?

IAFF 6118: Geopolitics and Leadership

This online course is designed to advance the careers of professionals by strengthening their skills to exercise effective leadership in a dynamic and complex geopolitical environment. Until recently, geopolitics was often viewed as secondary to policy and market forces. Today, geopolitics is playing an increasing role in driving strategic decision-making and institutional performance across public, private, and non-profit sectors. This course responds to this reality by equipping leaders with the analytical and practical tools needed to manage uncertainty, identify risk, and assess emerging opportunities. The course is organized around five major international crises since World War II, which serve as case studies for examining key concepts in international affairs and leadership. Through structured analysis, guided reflection, and applied discussions, students will connect historical and contemporary events to their own professional practice and development. The course also features renowned guest speakers from diverse professional backgrounds to share firsthand perspectives on how geopolitics shapes leadership and decision-making. These engagements provide students with practical insights into how theory translates into real-world practice. This course is part of the Elliott School’s Executive Education program and required for the Leadership in International Affairs Credential.

IAFF 6118: Women, War and Peace

Have you ever wondered what role gender plays in cycles of violence and conflict? Have you ever asked: "Where are the women in decision-making in international affairs?" Have you considered the role of masculinities in militaries and militia groups? If so, this course is for you! It offers a theoretical and practical examination of gender as a critical concept to understanding international affairs related to preventing and resolving war, building sustainable peace, and achieving inclusive security.  Feminist International Relations (IR) theory and the Women, Peace, and Security policy agenda will frame this course. It includes readings on women's human rights, gender equality in policymaking, LGBTIA+ populations, men and masculinities, and trauma studies. The seminar covers issues such as: gendered conceptions of nationhood; militarization, combatants, and the demobilization of armed actors; the continuum of violence from political polarization to war to post-conflict; the rise of patriarchal authoritarianism and 'strong men' political leaders; women's absence from peacebuilding processes; post-war reconstruction and transitional justice.  Classes will also cover the emergence of legal and normative frameworks adopted by the UN system and international community to address gender, war, and peace.  Practical, real-world application of these theories and frameworks will be discussed through case studies.  Given the nature of gender as a social construct that impacts individuals’ lived experience, this seminar utilizes active discussion that requires the full participation and thoughtful reflection of all students.

IAFF 6118: Critical Decisionmaking in International Affairs

This MA course is designed to develop students as critical, strategic thinkers in the field of international affairs. The course consists of a series of modules (~3-week periods), each focusing on a key cognitive skill or challenge that is central to policymaking and strategic thought about global politics. Students spend two weeks of traditional in-class instruction (in a hybridized lecture/seminar model), exploring the key area of focus from the lens of history, psychology, and policy analysis.

They then engage in a policy practicum – an experiential mini-capstone, designed to concretize abstract concepts, stress-test student understandings, and push students toward cognitive complexity.

There are no large research papers in this class; all produced “work” takes the form of the experiential capstones. Practicum components are designed to be highly adaptable to available resources, circumstances, and practicalities: They can consist of formal in-class exercises, incorporate guest experts drawn from the rich DC policy ecosystem, and/or take place at policy institutions around the city.

IAFF 6122 Development Policy & Practice

This course is restricted to students in the International Development Studies Program. It focuses on the practice and policy of international development and is tailored toward preparing students for their Capstone applied research projects with international development organizations. By the end of the course, you will have developed your own development project proposal. Throughout, we will be considering what types of approaches make the most sense in different circumstances, what constraints exist, and how to be ethical, adaptable, and responsive in our work. In the first half of the course, topics covered include the project cycle, gender, social inclusion, ethics, and developing theories of change. In the second half, the course interjects a review of the architecture of international development, including foundational agreements guiding development practice. The course will end with an opportunity to pitch your project to your colleagues for feedback prior to submitting your final assignment.

IAFF 6138 Achieving Sustainable Development

How can we achieve sustainable development? Our graduate seminar will investigate this question by first examining challenges to sustainability from a local to a global scale. Grounded in the UN’s Agenda 2030, we will identify the potential and limitations of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to support a change in development implementation. With a focus on rural development, we will identify the complexities of livelihoods and analyze novel, holistic approaches to development. Taking into account consequences from the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, the war in Ukraine, and persistent gender inequality, we will ground our discussions using case studies of existing and new projects and initiatives. We will also draw on exchanges with experts, with the ultimate goal of sharpening your skill sets to contribute towards sustainable development from the household to the policy levels. By the end of the course, you should be empowered to become a change maker towards sustainable development in your career in the public or private sector.

IAFF 6138: Advancing International Development through Civil Society

Civil society plays an outsized role in promoting international development.  But what do we mean by the term civil society?  How do we differentiate between the international nongovernmental behemoths (NGO) like Doctors Without Borders and Save the Children, and the local nongovernmental organization delivering basic services in a single community?   The course will trace the history of civil society as a concept and examine its interrelationship with the complex, multi-dimensional international development “industry” that has emerged in the decades since World War II.  We will address the specific roles that large and small civil society actors play in responding to contemporary political crises, humanitarian disasters, and poor economic and social development outcomes, and the particular challenges that they face in today’s age of declining public resources, closing space, and rapid technological change.  The combination of theoretical and operational perspectives will provide students with a solid foundation for future work in the field and help them identify opportunities for work in this sector through local and international organizations. 

IAFF 6138: Climate Action in Developing Economies: Policy, Partnerships, and Private Sector Solutions

Developing economies bear a disproportionate burden of climate change impacts and need an estimated $2.4 trillion to $2.7 trillion annually by 2030 to meet climate and development goals. Current investments are only about 25% of what is needed. Public financing alone cannot drive the transition to a resilient, net-zero global economy; the private sector is needed to bring innovation, capital, and technical expertise to reach these goals. This course will investigate public climate policies, private sector climate frameworks, and the opportunities and challenges related to investments, partnership, and financing solutions addressing climate change in developing countries. Through case studies, interactive group exercises, and applied assignments, students will move from theory, policy, and science into concrete climate action, while developing practical skills to design and advance climate capital mobilization solutions in the developing economy context.

IAFF 6139: International Development Studies Capstone

The Capstone Project provides an opportunity for second-year students in the International Development Studies Program to undertake research related to a specific problem faced by a development organization. During the spring semester, capstone teams plan their research, implement it, analyze the results, do a public presentation of their work at the Elliott School, and submit deliverables to the capstone client as well as a final paper to their capstone professor. Teams will need to plan, implement, and write up their research.  The professors will develop a regular schedule with each group to be updated on the team’s progress (in person and by email) and also to provide feedback.  In particular, professors will work with teams to ensure that they have a viable research plan and methodology and that they implement the plan and methodology accordingly.  By the end of the semester, all groups will have completed the equivalent of an international development consultancy for an organization engaged in the field.

This course is intended for graduating International Development Studies MA students only. Registration restricted to graduate students only. See department for meeting time and location.

IAFF 6143: Science and Technology Policy Analysis

Many of the most important and salient policy decisions taken by government involve science and technology. S&T is at the heart of debates regarding governance of AI and AI-enabled technologies; climate change; decisions involving nuclear weapons; space exploration; the generation and diffusion of emerging technologies such as quantum computing; the widespread use of robotics, nanotechnology, and advanced energy storage technologies; and many more. The second in the sequence of required core courses for the ISTP program, this seminar course offers the opportunity to go deeper and ask more probing questions about select contemporary policy topics like those listed above. This course examines: the use of science by policy decision makers; the effects of policy on science and technology; and issues of risk, uncertainty, regulation, democratization, and politics in science and technology policy. This course will take on current issues in S&T policy and will analyze recent and current policies and policy proposals from the United States and other nations.

IAFF 6141 is a prerequisite for this course.

IAFF 6146: Space Law

There are five international treaties specifically on space law. Most advanced space-faring nations have complex national laws and regulations implementing the various obligations under those treaties. However, space exploration, use, and exploitation is rapidly changing with the advent of technological capability spreading quickly among all nations and often involving the private sector alongside the more traditional governmental uses of space. Space is risky and complicated and the law is only slowly catching up to handle new problems. This course will develop a comprehensive understanding of the international treaties as well as exploring the evolving legal issues of new government and commercial initiatives such as using the Moon’s resources, advanced telecommunications, servicing spacecraft, placing weapons in space, and the threats of serious accidents in orbit.

IAFF 6153: Science, Technology, and National Security

A broad, complex, and multidimensional set of factors contributes to the ability of states to use science and technology to advance their national security. This course examines how effectively states, and the United States in particular, develop policies designed to translate science and technology into strategic advantage. To assess these factors, the course addresses a range of issues including innovation, transformations and revolutions in military affairs, globalization and international economic integration, technology transfer and export controls, changing global security dynamics, and the impact of emerging technologies on defense industries and military power.

While there is general agreement on the fundamental contributions of science and technology to national security, the field of security studies still lacks a coherent and foundational body of literature that addresses these interrelationships in systematic and comprehensive ways. The implications of this theoretical shortfall are growing. As the pace of technological developments accelerates and their pervasive effects permeate and transform all aspects of society, it becomes increasingly difficult to understand how these developments are changing security dynamics and to craft appropriate governance and control mechanisms.

Our analysis begins with development of traditional instruments of military power during the interwar period, considering how effectively the great powers adapted to rapidly changing technology and assessing analytical frameworks for addressing these issues. The course subsequently uses focused case studies and increasingly wide-ranging approaches to address many of the key historic and current science, technology, and national security policy issues including science and technology in World War II, developing thermonuclear weapons, missile and satellite technology, airpower, counterproliferation, robotics, cyberpower, artificial intelligence, and governance of science and technology. Because there is no accepted canon of literature in this field, your readings for this course are quite broad; synthesizing the material will require your focused attention and active engagement.

IAFF 6158: Issues in U.S. Space Policy: Tools and Scenarios

This course will address international space policy issues facing the United States and provides an overview of common tools (e.g., orbital mechanics, cost estimation, regulation) used in space policy making and implementation. The course will address current policy and regulatory issues facing U.S. space programs with regard to dual-use technologies, including export controls, spectrum management, and licensing of commercial remote sensing systems. Conflicts over dual-use technologies will be examined for their implications for a range of national interests. The course will also address strategic choices facing other nations in space activities, including dependence on U.S., European, and Russian space capabilities, developing indigenous space programs, and use of commercial space capabilities.

IAFF 6158: Science Diplomacy

How can countries cooperate through science while competing for technological leadership? Can scientific collaboration build trust when diplomatic relations are strained? This course examines how science and technology influence foreign policy and how diplomacy shapes international research cooperation. Students will explore the concepts, actors, and tools of science diplomacy, considering both its possibilities and its limits in a changing geopolitical landscape.

Contemporary case studies cover AI and emerging technologies, space diplomacy, climate change, global health, research security, and global talent mobility and scientific diasporas. Discussions will examine tensions among cooperation, national interests, security, and equitable participation, including perspectives from Europe and the Global South.

Through interactive discussions, policy debates, practical exercises, and guest speakers from government, embassies, international organizations, and academia, students will connect scholarship with professional practice. They will develop skills to assess competing interests, identify opportunities for cooperation, and formulate evidence-informed policy recommendations.

IAFF 6159: ISTP Capstone Project

Second course in a two-semester sequence. Second-year students in the MA in international science and technology policy program work in groups on a project for an external client addressing a policy problem or issue in science and technology policy. Restricted to MA students in the international science and technology policy program.

IAFF 6162 Security Policy Analysis

In this core course for the Elliott School’s Security Policy Studies (SPS) MA program you will learn how to use several analytic techniques to improve your analysis of contemporary security policy issues. Policies are statements of intent or commitments to act made by governments and other actors; they involve decisions about the priorities and values to pursue as well as the resources and tools that will be devoted to that enterprise. Every policy decision could have been made differently.

The overriding goal is for you to think critically about how social science concepts, methods, and analytic techniques can identify and prioritize security challenges, and guide effective responses to them. Specifically, you will learn about tools for analyzing three important dimensions of contemporary security policies related to armed conflict, great power competition, and future uncertainty.

The course begins by describing the key elements of security policy analysis. Part 1 then surveys different forms of conflict assessment, including relevant social science methods (qualitative, quantitative, modeling), conflict mapping, counterfactual analysis, and nuclear stability analysis. Part 2 introduces students to net assessment, a technique for analyzing competitive strategic relationships. Here, our focus will be contemporary strategic competition between the “great powers.” Part 3 examines analytic techniques for dealing with uncertainty, specifically forecasting, scenario analysis, and red teaming. In Part 4, we will explore how these and other techniques could be used in a Global Capstone project (IAFF 6898/6899).

IAFF 6163: Transnational Security and Illicit Finance

Transnational threat actors exploit the globalization of commodity and capital flows to carry out illicit activities, raise revenue, and move and hide funds. Their operations adversely affect human, national, and international security as well as the integrity of the global financial system. Illicit networks cannot function without money, and the international community has adopted a range of tools to combat their financial schemes and mechanisms. This course will examine the character of illicit networks’ financial operations and how they intersect with other transnational trends that threaten security. It will also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of economic and financial countermeasures relative to other policy tools for disrupting illicit networks, applying coercive pressure, and supporting conflict resolution.

IAFF 6165: Fundamentals of Intelligence

This graduate-level seminar will discuss the basics of intelligence collection, production, and analysis and provide an introduction to the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC), the authorities under which the IC operates, its role in informing U.S. national security and foreign policy, its role in implementing policy decisions, and the formation of policy and laws that guide the IC. The class will examine the IC in the context of historical, current, and expected future scenarios, and will discuss historic and potential future changes in how the IC informs and implements policy, as well as how oversight is conducted. In particular, the class will discuss the expanded role of the IC, both analytically and operationally, in the post-9/11 world, as well as the impact of the Wikileaks, Snowden, and other unauthorized disclosures in recent years.

IAFF 6169: Homeland Security

Homeland Security is a rapidly evolving field shaped by shifting global and domestic conditions. Threats now range from domestic extremism and foreign adversaries to great-power competition, mass migration, and increasingly accessible weapons technologies, including chemical and biological agents. Disinformation campaigns, social and political polarization, and more frequent extreme weather events further complicate the security landscape, while COVID-19 demonstrated the worldwide consequences of biological threats and renewed attention to U.S. biodefense.

This course examines how the United States can secure itself against current and emerging threats, emphasizing core challenges, changing conditions, and practical response options. Homeland defense is treated as a whole-of-government effort extending beyond DHS and DoD, hence the course integrates international frameworks (the United Nations, the European Union, and INTERPOL), cooperative regimes such as the Proliferation Security Initiative, and arms-control treaties.

Using an all-hazards approach to prevention, mitigation, and recovery, students will explore topics including migration; trafficking in drugs and weapons, including WMD-related threats; and the protection of critical infrastructure such as power, agriculture, public health, water, and transportation. The course also addresses local emergency response, the roles of FEMA, civilian agencies, and the military in support of civil authorities, shifting responsibilities among states and the private sector, and the security of special events such as the FIFA World Cup. Students will further assess the roles of intelligence and law enforcement and consider the balance between security, privacy, and legal norms.

The course is suited to students with a general background in international affairs and some familiarity with domestic preparedness and response. It is especially relevant for those interested in policy, operational, and law-enforcement roles, and for those considering careers in diplomacy, intelligence, or field operations across federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial governments. Discussions follow the Chatham House Rule.

IAFF 6171: Introduction to Conflict Resolution

This course examines the causes of armed conflicts as well as efforts to prevent, limit, manage, and resolve conflicts. Our primary focus is the most prevalent types of armed conflicts in the world today: intra-state conflicts and civil wars — along with regionalized and internationalized intra-state conflicts. The course begins with an overview of conflict trends, conflict types, and conflict consequences. The second part of the course examines the factors that lead to the onset and escalation of intra-state conflicts: conflict settings; weak states; security dynamics; demographic, economic and environmental factors; political factors and political leaders. The third part of the course turns to the efforts of national and international actors to prevent, limit, and resolve conflicts, including the use of mediation, economic sanctions, military interventions, peacekeeping, and post-conflict peacebuilding. The course concludes with a look to the future.

IAFF 6186: Contemporary Nuclear Risks

Nuclear weapons have the potential both to deter conventional war, saving countless lives, but also to unleash catastrophic or even cataclysmic damage if detonated. Were (are) nuclear weapons revolutionary? Why were nuclear weapons used during World War II, but not the Cuban Missile Crisis? How likely is nuclear proliferation, where, and is it always bad? What nuclear threats are raised by modern great power competition? What are the most likely ways nuclear weapons might be used today? This course analyzes six sources of contemporary nuclear risk: proliferation to “rogue” states such as Iran; nuclear terrorism; small nuclear states like North Korea; regional nuclear contingencies (i.e. India and Pakistan); proliferation to U.S. allies; and great-power nuclear competition with both Russia and China. It asks students: Which worries you most? Which should? Why?

IAFF 6186: U.S National Security

What is in the national interest of the U.S.? Who decides national security policy? What lessons can we learn from past U.S national security challenges? In this graduate survey course, we will examine the interests, actors, and capabilities involved in the making of U.S. national security. We focus on issues confronting U.S. policymakers using multimedia materials, discussions, written assignments, and a crisis simulation. Topics include U.S. grand strategy, national security actors and institutions, and key capabilities and issues in U.S. national security including nuclear deterrence, economic security, and intelligence failures. This course presumes familiarity with American politics and U.S. history, and students should keep up with relevant world events to facilitate discussion of U.S. national security policy.  By the end of the semester, students will be able to assess and engage with the U.S. national security process, strategic interests, and decision-making procedures.  

IAFF 6186: U.S. Special Operations:

The purpose of this graduate elective course is to examine the unique characteristics of U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF), the merits and limits of Special Operations (SO), and their implications for US national security objectives and interests. This course consists of four blocks of instruction that are positioned within existing strategic guidance, executive orders, and policies, which are informed by the current—and projected—operating environment. When integrated, these blocks of instruction provide students rare insights into the political and operational considerations that shape SOF employment globally, enabling them to interpret and optimize policies and strategies that govern SO in contested areas of operations. First, students will explore how SOF operate as a function of unique organizational cultures, competencies and capabilities, and funding authorities. Second, students will consider SO in terms of coordination across the US Interagency and in concert with allies and partners, which frame a global SOF network that emphasizes burden-sharing in an era of coalition warfare. Third, students will evaluate how SOF plan, prepare, and execute politically sensitive and militarily challenging operations and campaigns across the continuum of competition and in consideration of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence and Unmanned Aerial Systems. Finally, students will assess how shifting strategic contexts, namely a renewal of great power competition globally, may condition SOF employment in the future.

IAFF 6186 War in Ukraine

Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine was the largest armed conflict in Europe since WWII. Russia’s invasion has profound implications not only for Europe’s security architecture—which was largely stable since the fall of the USSR—but for global security. This course introduces students to key concepts and issues regarding the war in Ukraine. Such issues include post-Cold War European security arrangements, Russian foreign policy and decision making, Ukrainian politics and the Euromaidan, Russia military modernization, Russia’s 2014 invasion of Crimea and post-Minsk ceasefires, the initial invasion, Western responses, evolution of the war, and possible trajectories. The course will include active scenario participation, guest lectures, and develop the students' abilities to engage in policy discourse on Russian and Ukrainian military, security, and international security. Students will also learn how to critically analyze, assess, and investigate sources of information to conduct relevant, rigorous, and empirically grounded research.

IAFF 6186 Emerging Threats

What are the most pressing threats on the horizon for human, national, and international security? This MA seminar course provides a survey of emerging risks and threats, focusing on issues where scientific and technological developments play a major role. After describing different perspectives on the concepts of securitization and technological change, the course examines a dozen emerging security challenges. These include nuclear terrorism; revolutions in military affairs; “gray zone” conflict; cyber warfare; autonomous weapons systems; Artificial Intelligence; information operations; as well as security challenges related to public health, biotechnology, demography, the environment, outer space, and quantum technologies. The overriding goal is for you to think critically about different types of emerging security risks and threats and how relevant actors can respond. For each topic, we will discuss:

●      the most relevant scientific and technological developments;

●      the key drivers;

●      the major consequences, including the main winners and losers;

●      and how security policies should be reformed in response.

A scientific and technical background is not required but will enhance understanding of some issues. This is a required course for the “Science & Technology'' concentration in the Elliott School’s Security Policy Studies MA program.

IAFF 6186: Maritime Security

The aim of this course is to develop awareness and higher-order thinking of national and international security related issues involving maritime strategy and policy as they relate to security issues.  This course examines historical maritime policies on naval and maritime strategy, shipbuilding and shipping, piracy and privateering, maritime geography, competition for natural resources in highly disputed waters and control important sea lines of communication, fishing, maritime migration, maritime law and governance to include mutinies, and fusions of these concepts from the 19th century to the present. Students will analyze a series of historical case studies to understand how aspects of maritime policy were developed and sustained over time and through changing global political and economic conditions.  Student discussion and analyses of the historical cases will form a basis for understanding the development of maritime security policies over time, and how similar policies might be developed in the present. Maritime security is a global issue built into every thread of our daily existence.  The ocean is the dominant physical feature on earth covering more than 70% of its surface.  Less than 20% of the seabed has been mapped and less than 5% explored.  It is the world’s largest habitat, influences weather and climate, and provides sustenance.  Trade by sea connected the world for thousands of years and modern day shipping supported, if not created, globalization.  The ocean and humans are inescapably interconnected with the majority of the world’s population living within 200 miles of the ocean.  The high seas belong to no one and its sheer expanse is difficult to govern and police.  Threats from state and non-state actors create a persistent risk for economic and societal disruptions.  National and international strategies to mitigate risk involve complex relationships spanning governments, agencies, non-government organizations, and private industry.

The course is a comprehensive investigation of the challenges and threats to the security and sustainability of all things on, in, and under the ocean.  Topics covered have sufficient breadth to warrant individual study and more in-depth research.  This is a multi-disciplinary course and proper introduction on subjects that are interrelated with shared impact and consequences for the future.

IAFF 6186: Civil Wars in World Politics

This course reviews the theories and empirics of civil wars and their relationship with the international system. Students will explore the causes, processes, and termination of civil wars through varying theoretical lenses. Questions will include: when do civil wars begin, how are they fought, who intervenes, why do some last longer than others, and what are their consequences for international peace and stability? Throughout the course, students will critically assess the divergent explanations for conflict processes by examining historical examples and violence datasets. By the end of the semester, students will acquire the tools and techniques necessary to better understand these conflicts and the associated foreign policy responses.

IAFF 6186: Political Risk Analysis

This course examines the role and importance of political risk in shaping the international operating environment, particularly in business and commercial contexts.  It explores and studies the sources of political risk, how that risk may evolve or expand, how political risk influences corporate decisions, and how business leaders and international actors manage political risk throughout its lifecycle.  This course takes a multi-disciplinary approach drawing from international relations, economics, risk management, intelligence, and strategic communications to analyze and explain real-world political risks.  Beginning with an introduction to the foundations and fundamentals of political risk analysis, the course then examines emerging issues, in the form of “megatrends”.  The course shifts to focus on empirical cases of political risk.  These will include country-centric risks posed by political developments, including the UK’s decision to leave the European Union (Brexit), Russia’s partial post-communist transition and China’s rise.  Attention will also be given to issue-centric political risks associated with supply chains in industries such as pharmaceuticals and advanced technologies.  By identifying and analyzing emerging and existing political risks, as well as comparing strategies to measure and mitigate political risk at the macro and micro levels, students will learn to navigate the complexities of political risk analysis.  The course integrates academic elements and reasoning with practical knowledge and skills that are applicable to the public and private sector alike.

IAFF 6198: International Banking

This course focuses on international banks’ risk measurement and management. It brings together the perspective of the bank with that of the banking and macroprudential supervisors. The course is divided into four sections: Part A defines the key bank risks and how these arise from bank specific business models and from the macro-financial environment. It introduces the notion of systemic risk, macroprudential policies, and the differences between macro and micro-prudential regulation and supervision. Part B introduces the main financial instruments used by banks as well as their pricing, risk characteristics and management. Part C reviews the regulation and supervision of international banks with a focus on developments after the Global Financial Crisis. Finally, Part D introduces the students to stress testing and a stress testing tool; It also shows how results can trigger supervisory action and/or macro- prudential policies. The course is oriented to students interested in working in banks, domestic bank supervisory agencies and international institutions playing a significant role in the regulation and supervision of international banks−such as the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. It assumes basic finance knowledge; but, classes usually start with a review of basic concepts used in the discussions.

IAFF 6208: Public Diplomacy

This course examines concepts, practices, institutions, and critical issues in public diplomacy (PD). It assumes the central importance of public engagement in today’s diplomacy and that diplomatic practice is changing in fundamental ways that pose challenges for practitioners of PD. More diplomatic engagement occurs in public places – real and virtual. A more diverse and increasingly active set of players is filling the global space for engagement and communications. Issues are more complex and often global in nature. The communications landscape is faster and more competitive than ever before, and new technologies are accelerating the speed of diplomacy and transforming its forms and core functions. Current events have led to more virtual engagement with foreign publics. Drawing on the experiences of diplomats, practitioners and a growing body of literature, this course will be organized as a practicum in public diplomacy and will examine the strategies, tools and practice of public diplomacy.

IAFF 6208: Emotions and Perception in Strategic and Global Communications

Hello students! I am an interdisciplinary scholar and former journalist with a deep interest in emotions and senses. Coming from a tiny country like Kosovo, and having lived in different contexts and languages, I had to learn and strategize how to understand the world beyond language. I want to share my knowledge and experience with you.

When you think of a place or city, what is the first scent or sound that comes to mind? Have you thought about how fear is nationalized, or how pride is mobilized during national celebrations and sport victories? Have you reflected on how scent has been used negatively and stereotypically to create cultural division, but also to create positive stories about certain states? How does each emotion create ‘us’ and ‘them’ after a security attack?

This course identifies and documents the complexities of defining emotions and senses in human communication. It also shifts perspectives toward understanding human emotions and senses specifically in interpersonal communication, group interactions, public discourse, media, and the internet.

Students will explore how core emotions such as happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust shape communication. By the end of the course, students will gain a deeper understanding of how emotions and senses influence communication and will develop skills and strategies to apply this knowledge across various contexts. They will locate how different actors strategically perform emotions, and how the media frames protests and conflicts through emotional lenses. Students will also identify how media, through different genres, can trigger emotions via text, audio, and video to elicit responses from consumers or voters, positively or negatively. They will imagine how our cultural background shapes the way we express and perform emotions.

Students will also identify how media portrays meta-emotions, emotions about emotions, revealing the layers through which feelings are constructed and interpreted in public. While not a psychology course, this course encourages students to critically reflect on the importance of emotions and senses. Each module includes interactive class activities, and the course features one guest lecture. Students will submit assignments in text, audio, or video format or in class presentation. While much of the current public debate focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of technology, this course shifts the perspective toward understanding human emotions and senses.

IAFF 6212: Strategy and Leadership

Leaders in government, the private sector, and the non-profit sector must be able to develop a compelling strategy that is understood by managers and employers.  They will be most successful if they can articulate a vision for staff and clients to embrace. The goal of this course is to provide you with some knowledge and tools to devise and implement your own smart visions and strategies at any level.  The basis is how leaders determine their vision and then communicate and execute the vision, using their leadership skills.

Registration is restricted to MIPP students only.

IAFF 6213: Leadership Capstone

The MIPP Leadership Capstone is the second course in the two-semester MIPP leadership program, building on IAFF 6212 Strategy and Leadership. This two-semester sequence explores the evolving nature of international leadership in the twenty-first century, focusing on horizontal leadership – a leadership approach that is critical for managing expert, networked teams on complex problems that require adaptation and learning. That is, it is an emerging leadership style for the current century where power is diffused and global challenges are complex and transnational. In the Leadership Capstone, students practice horizontal leadership skills by researching and designing an individual leadership project that addresses a critical issue in their professional field, using lateral leadership skills to build alliances and buy-in. While the first semester of the program focused on strategic thinking and team leadership skills, the second semester emphasizes the development of skills in research, program design and evaluation, coalition building, proposal writing, and oral presentation.

This course is restricted to MIPP students only.

IAFF 6216: Analytical Tools for Global Economic Policy

This online course, designed primarily for Elliott School students fulfilling an International Economics requirement but open to all interested students, introduces the key concepts and policy issues shaping the global economy. Students will examine the causes and consequences of globalization, international trade and investment, exchange rates, and balance of payments crises, with a focus on evaluating policy choices, their tradeoffs, and their distributional effects on different groups. While emphasizing U.S. policy and its global implications, the course develops analytical tools that can be applied to any economy engaged in international markets. Students will also gain experience interpreting and presenting economic data using spreadsheets and visualizations. 

IAFF 6302: Taiwan:Internal Development  Foreign Policies

When will China invade Taiwan? Will the United States defend Taiwan should China attack Taiwan? How will China’s attack on Taiwan impact the global supply chain? These are the questions pertaining to Taiwan that have been featured on media headlines, book titles, and public event announcements. They all suggest that Taiwan’s importance is determined by external actors and forces. Without a doubt, as a small island located at a strategic point in the Asia-Pacific region, Taiwan’s past, present, and future have and will continue to be shaped by outsiders. However, there is more to Taiwan than that. In this course, we will address the aforementioned questions, but we will also go beyond them to explore Taiwan’s history, internal developments, and its management of relations with external actors, including China and the United States. In this manner, the course seeks to go beyond the headlines in an effort to explore Taiwan’s intrinsic as well as strategic value to the world. 

IAFF 6318: China and the Global South

China’s relations with the countries of the Global South, also known as the Developing World, is the focus of this graduate seminar. Contrary to media depictions as a “Great Game” competition of the USA and China, the relationship of the Global South and China is both older and more complex than the simplistic images of pawns and spaces on a chess board. In the past decade, high-profile proposals such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have been seen as part of China’s spreading influence around the world, sparking debates over the political, economic, and environmental consequences of China’s engagement with the Global South, debates that include voices from the Global South. The course examines both the evolution of China’s relations since 1949 and the actions, reactions, and policies of states within those regions toward China and broader global issues. The seminar then focuses on China’s current relations with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia, as well as more distant regions in Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific Island states.

IAFF 6318: International Politics - East Asia

The course briefly assesses the historical dynamics of the region and the evolution of salient relationships since World War II, and then provides systematic review of developments since the Cold War. It treats pertinent contemporary Asian relations involving acute American rivalry with rising China, Korean peninsula developments, Japan’s future, Taiwan, territorial disputes along the rim of eastern, southeastern and southern Asia, relations with important flanking powers—India, Russia and Australia, regional multilateralism, terrorism, economic globalization, energy security, and climate change. Relevant issues and developments are assessed with a focus on relations among East Asian governments including relations involving a longstanding leading power in the region, the United States.

IAFF 6318: Politics of China I

This is a foundational graduate course on contemporary Chinese politics.  Students will gain exposure to the principal events, issues, institutions, and individuals that have shaped post-1949 Chinese politics, as well as an appreciation of inherited traditions that have influenced Chinese politics over time.  The class will also consider some of the pressing issues confronting the Chinese party-state today.  Students will also be exposed to the key secondary literature on the subject.  

There are no formal prerequisites for taking this course, other than a strong interest in the subject and the willingness to work hard, read a lot, and actively participate in class. Although there is no prerequisite, previous background in modern Chinese affairs and theories of comparative politics are desirable.  Those totally new to the study of modern China and contemporary Chinese politics will find their work cut out for them. Class meetings will primarily be comprised of lecture and discussion. 

IAFF 6364: Govts & Politics - Middle East

Comparative Politics of the Middle East focuses on a series of topics related to the politics and societies of the Middle East: political economy, regime type and regime change, religion, state formation, and political identity and ideology.  Readings and discussion focus on recent political science scholarship on the Middle East.

IAFF 6358: International Relations of Latin America

This course analyzes the trajectory of Latin America’s role in the world, assessing in particular conflict and cooperation with the United States. Focusing first on the Cold War, we explore why the U.S. frequently intervened in Latin American domestic politics; the U.S. cited security concerns amid its superpower rivalry with the Soviet Union, but many Latin Americans argued that these concerns were exaggerated. Focusing next on the post-Cold-War era, we analyze the emergence in Latin America of the “liberal international order,” including dramatic advances of market economics and democracy and considerable engagement in multilateral institutions. In the last half of the course, we explore how the “liberal international order” has frayed: the Trump administration proclaimed “America First;” China is a superpower rival; Russia is assertive; and the pandemic was devastating and corrosive. Goals that at one time were broadly shared across the hemisphere--democratization; attenuating climate change; controlling drugs and organized crime; establishing humane immigration policies—now appear elusive. These issues are analyzed in part through student debates and guest speaker presentations.

IAFF 6378 Oil: Industry, Economy, Security, Society

Petroleum is one of the largest and most controversial industries worldwide, and affects the fortunes of companies and nations.  This course takes a multidisciplinary approach (primarily political economy and management) to oil and its effects on business, nation-states, conflict, and the world economy. The first half of the course adopts a top-down viewpoint, examining the global oil environment. The second half is more bottom-up, using cases to grapple with issues such as governance, transparency, and security.  The course is conducted in a mixture of seminar and lecture formats. A group proposal, paper, and presentation, as well as active class participation are expected, and constitute over half the assessment.

IAFF 6378: Democratization and Security in North Africa Post Arab Spring

The popular protests that began in Tunisia over fifteen years ago catalyzed the uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East that came to be known as the Arab Spring. The outcomes in the four countries of North Africa – Algeria, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia – have been dramatically different. They therefore offer a fascinating platform for understanding the challenges of transition and stabilization. This course will examine the unique characteristics and policies of each country, as well as the drivers of popular discontent that they share. It will also look at how foreign actors and transnational issues (e.g., migration and terrorism) continue to affect developments in these four countries.

By the end of this spring semester course, students will have developed an analytical framework to assess current and future developments in North Africa, the Middle East, and beyond. They will be able to identify core U.S. interests in the region, understand the different tools available to policymakers, and explain how best to orchestrate those tools. The instructor served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco and as the U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia when the Arab Spring began there.

IAFF 6378: State & Society in Egypt

This course will focus on state institutions in Egypt and their engagement with Egyptian society. There will be a special focus on religious, civil society, and legal institutions since those are fairly accessible but often less understood; they also fall within the expertise of the instructors.  The class will combine some sessions on the GW campus and some in Cairo on the campus of the American University in Cairo; classroom sessions will be supplemented by site visits in the Cairo area. In looking at Egyptian legal institutions, the course will examine the role played by those institutions in shaping and being shaped by existing social structures. The course's examination of religious institutions in Egypt will offer insight into their role in Egyptian society and the relationship among legal, religious, and political structures in Egypt. And there will be consideration of how civil society navigates the political landscape in Egypt. 

IAFF 6379 Middle East Studies Capstone

Students complete a focused research paper that is the culmination of the Middle East Studies curriculum. Students complete this project in the final spring semester of their program.

IAFF 6385: Africa in the Global Economy

This course will examine the significant changes underway in Africa and its economies that are transforming its relationship to the rest of the world. This course will examine Africa’s policies to increase its industrialization and value addition while also better integrating into global markets. The course will analyze prospects and challenges in sectors like energy, mining, agriculture, ICT and health and integrate them into the kind of coherent narrative that policy makers and private sector leaders employ to understand and address critical global trends. The course will also consider lessons learned from other regions of the world that may prove relevant as African countries seek to transform their economies over the coming decades.

IAFF 6502: Successful Networking

Gain the skills necessary to connect effectively within and outside of the International Affairs community. This course will offer a framework for developing the competencies necessary for successful networking. It will explore the unique opportunity of in-person communication in Washington, D.C. and online communication throughout the world. Networking is a generous and deliberate process which includes elements of strategy and story, creating meaningful connections that will enhance your career, and those of others.

IAFF 6502: Writing for International Policymakers

Outstanding international affairs professionals inform and influence through clear and concise communications. Successful writers create a foundation for decision and action by efficiently providing context and logically presenting evidence. Effective policy writing anticipates a leader's needs and identifies challenges, present options, and uncover opportunities. This course uses short written assignments, exercises, and tailored feedback to hone the skills of accuracy, brevity, and clarity. We will write against the backdrop of current international affairs or national security challenges. Specific skills include the ability to start with your bottom line, explain complex information, develop recommendations, and write with proper syntax and grammar.

IAFF 6502: Data Visualization w/Tableau

I have some data, now what!?!  This skills course is geared toward students looking to develop fundamental data skills using Tableau.  Students will work hands-on with Tableau (using a free Desktop License) to analyze several datasets and create various types of visualizations.  Along the way, students will be challenged to think about how their visualizations can be improved to communicate their ideas and findings more clearly.  While this course is meant to be a gentle introduction to Tableau, even students who already have some experience in Tableau will likely find it rewarding.  Not only will this course help you build the foundational skills for evidence-based policy formulation, but it will also make you more marketable.  Tableau and data communication skills are in high demand among employers and can help set you apart in your professional career.

IAFF 6502: Fundraising in International Affairs

This course explores strategies, ethics and practical skills for fundraising in the context of international affairs. Students will learn how to design fundraising campaigns, engage donors, and navigate global fundraising challenges while promoting transparency and sustainability. Case studies will examine both domestic 501 (c) (3) organizations as well as foreign-based NGOs. Students will also study the impact that the dismantling of USAID has had on global non-profit policy and direct-service organizations.

IAFF 6502: Introduction to Strategic Logic

This skills course introduces students to the logic of strategic thinking. It is a skills course, not a history course or a course on grand strategy. The objective is to provide a foundation that students can use throughout their careers. By the end of this course, students will have developed an analytical framework to assess strategies in terms of their coherence and viability. Specifically, students will be able to judge whether a strategy satisfies the elements of strategic logic and whether its proponents have a sound plan on how to orchestrate ways and means to achieve their objective.

Student presentations, writing assignments, and active class discussion will help students improve their analytical abilities and the written and oral communications skills needed to be effective in their future professions. The instructor is a former career diplomat who served as a U.S. Ambassador and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State.

This five-week course will begin on January 20, 2027.

IAFF 6502: AI Ethics and Governance for Business and Government

This course examines the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), business, governments, and ethics in the context of rapidly expanding digital transformation and AI governance debates. As AI systems become increasingly embedded in corporate decision-making, public administration, finance, labor, security, and public-private partnerships, leaders face growing ethical, legal, and governance challenges related to their design, deployment, and oversight.

AI functions as a double-edged sword, it can contribute to innovation, efficiency, inclusion, and social welfare while it can also generate risks of discrimination, exclusion, surveillance, labor disruption, misinformation, and democratic harm when deployed without adequate safeguards.

Through interdisciplinary discussions, case studies, and practical exercises, the course explores AI governance through ethics frameworks. Students will examine emerging governance trends, transparency obligations, algorithmic bias, explainability, democratic governance, and the gender and societal impacts of emerging technologies.

The course has a strong hands-on component. Students will develop and apply practical tools for responsible AI governance and collaboratively design a first draft of an AI Ethics and Governance Framework tailored to their professional field, business sector, organization, or future project.

IAFF 6502/6503: Negotiations Skills

This course helps students identify aspects of their negotiating style that may prevent them from maximizing their negotiation outcomes. It is grounded in classic Interest-Based Negotiation theory, with a strong emphasis on practical application followed by structured self-reflection.

The course is highly interactive and consists primarily of a series of group exercises of increasing complexity, followed by debriefs in which students analyze their performance, choices, and negotiating patterns. Because the learning takes place largely through participation in these exercises, attendance for all 20 hours of class is mandatory; no exceptions. Formal presentation of concepts will be kept to a minimum.

Students are therefore expected to complete the assigned readings, including the required book and all materials posted on the course Blackboard page, BEFORE the first class session. Whether the course is offered online or in person, students should also come prepared with copies of all assigned worksheets and exercises for use during class.

IAFF 6502: Alternative Analysis: Red Team

Building on psychologist Dietrich Dörner’s work, the U.S. Army’s Red Team Handbook observes that “people court failure in predictable ways, by degrees, almost imperceptibly, and according to their own culture and context.” Red Teams exist to counter this tendency by helping decision makers anticipate and prepare for a greater range of possible outcomes. This course teaches students to mitigate cognitive biases by thinking like a competitor and employing structured analytic techniques through readings, exercises, case studies and assignments.

IAFF 6502: Intro to R

This course will help you familiarize yourself with the R programming language and R Studio integrated development environment (IDE). R is a free tool primarily used for statistical analysis. R is open source and benefits from several contributions (“packages'' or “libraries”) made by independent researchers. Statistical analysis is critical for effective, evidence-based policy making, and R counts itself among the highly sought after skills in the policy realm. In this class you will learn the fundamentals needed to create effective R scripts,run basic analyses, and troubleshoot (or debug) your code. You will also acquire the tools necessary to further develop your R skills to attain advanced-level programming knowledge.

IAFF 6502: Solving a Real NATO Problem

Most courses analyze problems. This course solves one.

You will work in small multidisciplinary teams on a real strategic challenge facing NATO.

In Spring 2027, the challenge will focus on either strategic competition in the Arctic or the activities of adversarial actors in space.

Operating as a strategic innovation lab rather than a traditional seminar, you will frame the problem, challenge assumptions, explore alternative solutions, and develop recommendations for practitioners.

You will be expected to lead, collaborate, communicate, and deliver under conditions of uncertainty.

You are expected to take ownership of their work, organize themselves as teams, and learn through action rather than observation.

I serve as coach, mentor, and challenger.

Designed for undergraduate and graduate students alike, the course develops three essential professional skills: strategic analysis, team leadership, and executive communication. The course culminates in a professional concept paper and executive presentation.

IAFF 6503: Ethics in International Affairs

This is a course in applied ethics, dealing with questions and problems of ethics that occur in international affairs.  Among other concerns, this includes such issues as human rights both national and international, international business, war, globalization, and global assistance and humanitarian intervention(s). We will discuss and analyze, and attempt to find ways and/or methods or steps or techniques to solve ethical disputes and issues that arise in international affairs.Registration restricted to graduate students only. This course includes asynchronous instruction from 9 FEB - 10 MAR with synchronous sessions being held via Zoom 21 FEB and 22 FEB.

IAFF 6503: Structured Analytic Techniques

This course introduces students to qualitative structured analytic techniques that they will be able to use across disciplines to help solve analytic problems. This course shows students how to use these techniques to approach analytic challenges and produce useful, insightful analysis. In numerous hands-on exercises, students practice specific skills to help them overcome mindsets, organize information, diagnose problems, explore different ways of thinking, and avoid surprises.

IAFF 6503: USG Defense Contracting

This course will provide students with an in-depth understanding of the role of government contracting in National Security and its role in ensuring military superiority. It will benefit students interested in entering government service or the defense and government consulting/manufacturing world. Students will learn about the development of requirements for critical assets and understand how industry translates these requirements into military assets and capabilities. They will gain practical insight on how to analyze, shape and bid on solicitations within the Department of Defense and associated entities. There will also be a simulation of how industry works to help the Government meet current and emerging issues. In addition, they will learn about the often-hidden external considerations such as congressional pressures and inter-service rivalries that play a role in influencing the selection of  a particular contractor.

IAFF 6503: AI Literacy

This course provides non-technical leaders with foundational knowledge of artificial intelligence—what it is, how it works, and what it fundamentally cannot do. Rather than teaching how to use AI tools, this course builds the conceptual framework necessary to evaluate AI capabilities and limitations with rigor and confidence. 

The curriculum addresses three essential domains: (1) the technical foundations that enable AI—computing infrastructure, data, and algorithms; (2) how machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI actually function; and (3) the present realities and future possibilities of AI, including persistent challenges around bias, ethics, and explainability. Through accessible analogies, real-world examples, and case studies, students will develop literacy in the full spectrum of AI techniques and their practical applications.

What this course is not: This is not instruction in prompt engineering or tool operation. It is not a course in AI ethics or policy alone. Rather, this course builds the foundational understanding that makes such applied courses, policy discussions, and tool training more meaningful and effective.

IAFF 6503: Diplomacy from the Ground Up

Diplomacy is no longer the exclusive domain of national governments, ambassadors, and foreign ministries. Increasingly, mayors, governors, and local leaders are on the front lines of global challenges, shaping international affairs, forging partnerships, and advancing national interests from the ground up.

This intensive, two-day professional skills course explores the mechanics of subnational diplomacy and how cities, states, and communities navigate the intersection of domestic governance and national security. From climate and energy to emerging technologies and artificial intelligence, sports diplomacy and major international events, and natural disasters and geopolitical crises, state and local governments are often the first to experience the consequences of global developments and must respond with agility, creativity, and strategic foresight.

Drawing on real-world case studies and conversations with practitioners who have served across federal, state, and local governments, both domestically and internationally, students will examine how diplomacy works in practice. The course will explore the role of intergovernmental affairs, the coordination of diplomatic visits and international partnerships, and the institutional relationships that connect local priorities to national and global objectives.

Through interactive discussions and practitioner insights, students will develop a deeper understanding of the tools, relationships, and strategies that make effective subnational diplomacy possible, identify emerging best practices, and consider what the future of this rapidly evolving field might look like.

IAFF 6503/6505: Applied AI: Geopolitics & Power

Artificial intelligence is rapidly reshaping global power dynamics, geopolitics, and regulatory agendas. This course offers a critical, interdisciplinary examination of how AI is developed, deployed, and governed across diverse geopolitical contexts. It introduces key concepts in AI governance, analyzes how states and institutions are responding to emerging risks and opportunities, and assesses what’s at stake in the shifting global order. Through case studies, guest speakers, hands-on exercises, and a final Moot AI Summit, students will engage directly with the political and institutional dynamics shaping the future of AI and its implications for power in the 21st century.

IAFF 6502: Alternative Analysis: Red Team

Building on psychologist Dietrich Dörner’s work, the U.S. Army’s Red Team Handbook observes that “people court failure in predictable ways, by degrees, almost imperceptibly, and according to their own culture and context.” Red Teams exist to counter this tendency by helping decision makers anticipate and prepare for a greater range of possible outcomes. This course teaches students to mitigate cognitive biases by thinking like a competitor and employing structured analytic techniques through readings, exercises, case studies and assignments.

IAFF 6898: Capstone Workshop

First part of a two-semester sequence that addresses a concrete policy problem or issue in international affairs. In small teams, students refine the policy question of the capstone project, develop a research strategy, select appropriate research methods, and begin research. Continued in IAFF 6899.

IAFF 6899: Capstone Course

Second part of a two-semester sequence. Completion of the capstone sequence by conduct of the group's research, completion of the capstone report, and oral presentation of research findings and recommendations. Prerequisite: IAFF 6898.

IAFF 6101: IA Cornerstone

The International Affairs Cornerstone is required for all incoming students in the Elliott School’s International Affairs and Global Communications graduate programs. The course introduces students to a variety of ways of thinking about international affairs; explores some of today’s major areas of international policy, while demonstrating the value of international relations theory for analyzing them; and provides students with an appreciation of the range of issues that future practitioners in international affairs will grapple with in the 21st century. The course seeks to ensure that all IA and Global Comms students have a solid foundation in international relations theory, and can use foundational theory to understand and analyze contemporary policy issues. The course also exposes incoming students to several major issues that are currently on the international affairs agenda, including war, conflict, and crises; international trade and finance; international aid and development; gender; global health and the environment; and emerging technology, among many others. Through this course, students will gain a broad view of the field of international affairs and an introduction to the theories with which to understand it.

IAFF 6106: Nuclear Weapons

Nearly thirty-five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and over three decades after the end of the Cold War, we find ourselves in a world in which nuclear weapons are still with us. Why do we have nuclear weapons? Why do countries seek nuclear weapons and how do they get them? How are nuclear weapons used, both in times of peace and in times of conflict? How is the spread of nuclear weapons controlled? Will we ever live in a world free of nuclear weapons? This course is designed to provide students with a basic orientation to the technologies, policies, and politics to answer these and other questions. We will examine the underlying technologies of the nuclear fuel cycle, production and accounting of nuclear weapons-usable fissile material, and the life cycle of nuclear weapons. We will discuss nuclear strategy and deterrence, particularly in how they relate to nuclear force planning and operations and the prospect of nuclear terrorism. Efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons through nonproliferation, cooperative threat reduction, nuclear forensics, and counterproliferation are compared in the broader effort to control and reduce nuclear weapons through diplomacy and the means of verifying arms control and reduction agreements.

IAFF 6110: Diplomacy and Statecraft

The course asks students to analyze the nature, capabilities, and limitations of the different instruments of national power. Students will evaluate pivotal foreign policy decisions made over the past six decades to determine whether policymakers successfully orchestrated instruments of statecraft and the degree to which policymakers considered second-order consequences (if they did at all). Sharpening students’ ability to understand the nature of diplomacy; to assess what constitutes successful statecraft; to identify U.S. interests and priorities; and to ask the right questions about policy choices, including longer-term unintended consequences, are key objectives of the course. Another important goal is to hone analytical, written, and oral communications skills through student presentations, writing assignments, and active class discussion. The instructor is a former career diplomat who served as a U.S. Ambassador and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State.

IAFF 6118: Economic Statecraft

This course examines the economic measures that states deploy to advance their foreign policy and national security interests. The tools of economic statecraft—to include sanctions, tariffs, export controls, investment restrictions, and others—are go-to policy options for political leaders in times of international crisis. The frequent use of these economic measures, however, raises questions about their scope and efficacy in the face of global challenges. This course evaluates notable applications of economic statecraft and analyzes their effects, both intended and unintended, on foreign policy outcomes. Special attention will be devoted to financial sanctions, which have proliferated in use and complexity over the past decade. The course also considers positive economic inducements such as preferential trade agreements, bilateral lending, and other forms of assistance that states use to complement their economic statecraft toolkits. Since the study of economic statecraft sits at the nexus of multiple academic disciplines—political science, economics, security studies, etc.—the course material reflects the variety of cases and methods that scholars employ to analyze the relationship between economic power and foreign policy. Throughout the course, students will be equipped with the skills needed to engage with economic statecraft concepts and integrate this knowledge into broader debates about diplomacy, development, and military interventions.

IAFF 6118: Qualitative Methods for Applied and Academic Research

From global pandemics to local community dynamics, today's critical issues demand deeper understanding beyond numerical data. Qualitative research—specifically "Big Q" methods that prioritize in-depth, contextual analysis over surface-level measurements—reveals the human experiences and contextual nuances that quantitative studies often miss. Students will engage in hands-on collaborative pilot studies, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to gain practical experience and present their study results to the class. As the course unfolds, students will expand their methodological toolkit, learning additional data collection approaches including qualitative surveys, focus groups, participant observation, and archival research. By the semester's end, each student will develop an independent research proposal on a topic of their choosing, potentially laying the groundwork for future academic or professional projects. Throughout the course, students will explore emerging questions about AI's role in qualitative research and its implications for graduate learning . At least one class meeting will be held live online during our regularly scheduled class time. Attendance at all sessions is crucial to the collaborative learning process.

IAFF 6118: Global Justice

Within the domestic context, we often ask ourselves questions about justice: Is a proposed law fair? What would be a just tax policy? As a citizen, how should I engage in the politics of my country? What values—freedom? equality? democracy?—should our political and social institutions promote or embody? In this class, we will address these kinds of questions as they arise in the global context: What would make the world order just? What principles and values should guide states’ foreign policy? How should individuals and other non-state actors engage in global politics? What do we owe to people in other countries? We will read political theory scholarship on global justice from a variety of different perspectives, and use the ideas therein to analyze real-world political issues such as poverty, humanitarian intervention, the refugee crisis, and globalization. By the end of the term, you will be able to make coherent, informed arguments of your own (both orally and in writing) related to (some of) the major ethical debates surrounding global politics today.

IAFF 6118: Global Energy Trade Price & Risk Management

This course entails a deep dive into the physical and financial markets associated with pricing, trading, and hedging crude oil, refined petroleum projects, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, NGLs, coal, energy transition metal, and electricity. Students will learn how to buy and sell energy commodities in the physical markets and how energy derivatives (futures, options, and swaps) influence global energy prices, flows, and risk management. Students will learn about energy supply chains, supply and demand, the terminology used to buy/sell physical energy commodities, and how to use energy derivatives to hedge and speculate on price movement. The instructor will also cover how conflicts in the Middle East, energy policies and actions by the US, EU, UK, OPEC+ and BRICS countries influence global energy markets and energy investments. Students will explore their country or regional interests through a Group presentation and separate individual paper or market report.

IAFF 6118: Law, Politics and War

This course provides an overview of the ways in which law and politics are intertwined in national decisions about security, deterrence and war. Case studies illustrate the ways that states in the international system present arguments for the legality of their use of armed force and how and when these arguments contribute to strengthening or creating new norms, or when they fail to reach the threshold for legality. Other topics include emerging issues in cyber-security, space law, and automated weapons. Readings will emphasize both the legal and political aspects of the use of force in the contemporary international system, including recent uses of force such as the war in Ukraine. The class examines questions such as: What are the consequences of using force without regard for the law? Is international law adequate for the problems of contemporary politics? Does international law reflect global consensus or are there cultural/civilizational differences? Students will discuss and understand the difficult political issues involved in national security decisions about force and the legal implications of these decisions. They will also examine the consequences of the expansion of actors on the international stage in which even private individuals can create major effects.

IAFF 6118: The National Interest: Practitioner Perspectives from the US and Abroad

This course brings students into direct conversation with the urgent debates reshaping world politics by reexamining American foreign policy from first principles. It combines rigorous analysis with engagement with leading scholars, practitioners, and international voices to help students think critically about U.S. interests, strategic constraints, and the perspectives of other states. Through a series of practitioner-led discussions (both American and foreigners), students will explore competing visions of global order, assess the tools and limits of American power, and connect classroom inquiry to real-world policy practice. The course is designed for graduate students seeking both intellectual depth and professional exposure in Washington’s foreign policy community. Classes will be held at the Stimson Center from 5.10 to 7pm on Thursday. Class meetings will be followed by receptions where students will be able to network with the featured speaker, Stimson staff, and program partners from the policymaking community.

IAFF 6121: International Development Seminar Cornerstone Seminar 

The course examines the theoretical foundations behind the practice of international development, the multiple perspectives in the field, and the challenges of development implementation. In exploring the theory, structure, and practice of international development, the course looks at a variety of viewpoints that are intended to challenge students’ assumptions about not only their own aspirations, but also about the concepts of development and progress in general.  In the process, the course also prepares students to think ethically about international development and to carry out meaningful desk-based research and analysis. In doing so, the seminar is intended to push students to think about ways they can improve the practice of international development as they embark upon a career in the field. 

IAFF 6137: IDS Pre-Capstone Workshop

“Capstone” refers to the high point, or the crowning achievement. The IDS Capstone project is the culminating experience of the IDS program. It is your chance to integrate all that you have learned, apply it to a real-world situation, and demonstrate to a potential employer what you know and what you know how to do. The capstone project, a pro-bono consultancy, will afford you an opportunity to make a significant contribution to the work of a leading development organization (e.g., a government agency, international organization, NGO, or consulting firm). The pre-capstone workshop is an early step in this process. We will confirm together that you have formed your capstone team, completed a team agreement, and drafted a cover letter and prospectus for reaching out to potential clients. With our support, you will devote most of your time this Fall to securing a client and negotiating a Terms of Reference (ToR) with that client for work to be done over the Winter Break and during the Spring Semester. As soon as possible, you will also begin to undertake research related to your potential client’s needs, in preparation for fulfilling that ToR and conducting related field work as relevant.

IAFF 6138: MEL for International Development Programs

Nearly half of the world’s population — more than 3 billion people — lives on less than $2.50 a day.  For over five decades, various donors have been promoting much needed international development programs globally.  The support from donors ranges from food programs to health care to governance to education. How effective are international development programs? How do you show whether a program is improving people’s lives? What can you do to prevent a $100 million program from becoming a resounding failure? In this entry-level course, you will explore key approaches to measure the results of international development programs and critically consider evaluation methodologies to determine whether they are working to meet the needs of communities and people. In addition, you will be able to determine how to learn from success and failure, apply and integrate approaches from other disciplines, use data as part of management practices, and suggest adaptations to improve program implementation. Throughout this course, you will develop your own Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) Plan for a real-world program; these kinds of MEL Plans are now a standard requirement in most international development programs. 

IAFF 6138: Private Sector Development

The private sector plays a pivotal role in enhancing productivity and providing capital - which are primary drivers for economic growth – and creating jobs which is important for most developing countries with young populations.  However, the growth of the private sector has not always resulted in better social development outcomes.  This course will review country experiences with private sector development seeking to support broader societal goals. Private investors consider a wide spectrum of Government policies and behaviors which influence the costs of doing business, policy-related risks and barriers to competition. These include formal rules and actual practice in areas as diverse as: security and property rights, business regulation and taxation, financial sector, infrastructure and labor markets.  Since the importance of each area as a constraint varies based upon firm characteristics and constraints change over time, successful private sector development programs have been designed as sustained engagements.  This is the central focus of the course, i.e., understanding the keys to success and pitfalls to avoid in private sector development programs. In a shifting development funding landscape, donor countries and multilateral institutions have played an increasing role in private sector development programs.  The course will review support for policy dialogue, Technical Assistance, public investments, public-private partnerships and concessional funding for the private sector. The course is designed to combine theoretical underpinnings with practical knowledge drawing on the over three decades of experience of the instructor – including at the World Bank Group - and other experts. 

IAFF 6138: Venture Capital Emerging Markets 

This course examines venture capital through the lens of emerging market developing economies (EMDEs), with a focus on how startup ecosystems, capital flows, and investment practices differ from and intersect with those of Silicon Valley and other mature markets. Core topics include global and EMDE startup ecosystems, venture capital and investment fundamentals; deal sourcing and deal screening; investment due diligence, startup valuation methods, capitalization tables, exits and distribution waterfalls, investment committee processes and investment thesis development, and fund economics, structures, and portfolio construction. Selected sessions will feature guest speakers drawn from venture capital firms, startup ecosystem builders, and technology startups, providing students with direct exposure to real-world investment decision-making and practitioner perspectives.

IAFF 6138: Human Trafficking 

This course will examine the global problem of human trafficking, a complex socio-economic, political, human rights, and law enforcement issue that affects individuals and communities in nearly every country. Countries can be origin, transit, and/or destination for trafficked and exploited individuals. Vulnerabilities such as statelessness, poverty, the lack of economic opportunities, environmental degradation, weak national laws and policies, displacement, migration policies, corruption, gender-based violence, and discrimination and social exclusion – among others – create conditions that allow traffickers/exploiters to take advantage of individuals and keep them in situations of forced labor and/or commercial sexual exploitation. Combating human trafficking requires a wide spectrum of activities usually referred to as the “4 Ps” – prevention, protection, prosecution, and partnership, along with “4 Rs” – rescue, raid, rehabilitation, and reintegration. 

IAFF 6141: International Science & Tech Policy Cornerstone

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the policy issues related to the support, use, research and development performance, management, and regulation of science and technology. It addresses US domestic as well as international issues, is concerned with government policies as well as non-governmental decisions, and is focused on the economics and politics of science and technology issues. In today’s world, scientific discoveries and technological innovations influence almost every aspect of human existence from health, the natural environment, security, economic advancement, and quality of life. The course addresses both science and technology for policy, that is scientific and technological advice informing policy decisions in diverse policy realms, as well as policy for science and technology, or funding and other policy decisions around science and technology enterprises both public and private. The course will take a global and historic perspective around the governance of science and technology, with reference to longstanding issues such as the role of government support in scientific research as well as more recent policy issues such as research security, AI governance, and science as a tool for diplomacy.

IAFF 6145: U.S. Space Policy

This course will address international space policy issues facing the United States and place them in context with broader technological advances and the changing strategic environment. The course will address current bureaucratic and regulatory issues facing U.S. space programs with regard to dual-use technologies, including export controls, spectrum management, and licensing of commercial remote sensing systems. Conflicts over dual-use technologies, such as space launch, remote sensing, satellite navigation, and communications, will be examined for their implications for a range of national interests. The course will also address strategic choices facing other nations in space activities, including dependence on U.S., European, and Russian space capabilities, developing indigenous space programs, and use of commercial space capabilities.

IAFF 6148: Space and National Security

Recent military operations conducted by the United States and others demonstrate the growing efficacy of space systems and highlight their increasing importance in global security dynamics. Enhancing space security has been an imperative for the United States for at least a generation as space has become an increasingly congested, contested, and competitive domain. Accelerating Chinese and Russian counter space capability development requires the United States to consider options to develop a more lethal, resilient, and agile force better able to outpace adversary threats. Important new space security structures such as the Space Force are addressing these challenges through competitive endurance, an approach that seeks to avoid operational surprise, deny adversaries first mover advantages, and prepare responsible counter space campaigns to prevent adversaries from leveraging space-enabled targeting of our forces. Our seminar examines these, and other issues associated with U.S. policy, strategy, leadership, management, and organization for the national security uses of space.

IAFF 6157: ISTP Capstone Workshop

First course in a two-semester sequence. Second-year students in the MA in international science and technology policy program work in groups on a project addressing a policy problem or issue in international affairs. Restricted to students in the international science and technology policy program.

IAFF 6158: Economics of Technological Change and Innovation.

This course provides an overview of important issues related to technological change and innovation that have attracted the attention of economists up to the present time. Among all social sciences, economics may be argued to have taken the longest and broadest interest in technological advancement and innovation. The specific assumptions and methodolo­gies of mainstream economic analysis have, however, been vigorously criticized more recently for failing to deal with the sources of technological advancement. Criticism has basically coalesced on two fronts. First, it is argued that mainstream economics has not paid adequate attention to the institutional setup supporting innovation and economic growth. Second, it is argued that an overly mechanistic approach has failed to take into account the evolutionary processes involved in scientific and technological advancement. The course attempts to provide a balanced view, taking into account both mainstream and neo-institutional/evolutionary approaches as well as expanding to the appraisal of the sources of new technolo­gy.

IAFF 6161: International Security

This course surveys the dynamic and deeply important field of international security. It is a required, cornerstone course for students in the Elliott School’s M.A. program in Security Policy Studies (SPS). The course begins, in Part 1, with an overview of the major theoretical approaches to the field of international security. Part 2 then examines key contemporary issues related to international order and organized violence, including great power rivalry, warfare, coercion, international security institutions, weapons technologies, and international conflict management. In Part 3, the course surveys key global and transnational security challenges, including those stemming from nonstate armed groups such as terrorists and criminal organizations; environmental, ecological and energy issues; emerging technologies; as well as pandemics and public health.

IAFF 6163: Transnational Security & Illicit Finance (Online)

Transnational threat actors exploit the globalization of commodity and capital flows to carry out illicit activities, raise revenue, and move and hide funds. Their operations adversely affect human, national, and international security as well as the integrity of the global financial system. Illicit networks cannot function without money, and the international community has adopted a range of tools to combat their financial schemes and mechanisms. This course will examine the character of illicit networks’ financial operations and how they intersect with other transnational trends that threaten security. It will also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of economic and financial countermeasures relative to other policy tools for disrupting illicit networks, applying coercive pressure, and supporting conflict resolution.

IAFF 6165: Fundamentals of Intelligence

This graduate-level seminar will discuss the basics of intelligence collection, production, and analysis and provide an introduction to the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC), the authorities under which the IC operates, its role in informing U.S. national security and foreign policy, its role in implementing policy decisions, and the formation of policy and laws that guide the IC. The class will examine the IC in the context of historical, current, and expected future scenarios, and will discuss historic and potential future changes in how the IC informs and implements policy, as well as how oversight is conducted. In particular, the class will discuss the expanded role of the IC, both analytically and operationally, in the post-9/11 world, as well as the impact of the Wikileaks, Snowden, and other unauthorized disclosures in recent years.

IAFF 6181: The Analysis of Military Operation

This MA seminar course introduces students to what militaries are, what technologies they make use of, and, most importantly, how they operate in war. It begins by providing students with the vocabulary necessary to discuss defense and military issues, covering the basics of military organizations and technologies. It then introduces the basic tools for the analysis of conventional military operations, followed by the application of these analytical tools to land, maritime, air, and joint military operations. The course also covers the analysis of “non-traditional” military operations, such as counterinsurgency, stability operations, and humanitarian intervention. The course ends with a look forward, considering how emerging technologies might influence conventional military operations in the years ahead. Through this course, students will gain, not only the fluency to comfortably debate and discuss military affairs, but, more crucially, a set of skills with which to systematically analyze military operations and strategies.

IAFF 6186: Cybersecurity

This course will provide an overview of current issues in the realm of cybersecurity, focusing on cybersecurity strategy, threats, conflict and policy. We will begin with an understanding of the power inherent in cyberspace and consider the policy issues facing the civilian, military, intelligence and private business sectors in dealing with offensive and defensive cyber activity. Through the use of case studies, we will examine previous and ongoing cyber conflicts to understand their impacts on international relations. We will analyze the roles of several different types of actors in cybersecurity including state actors, non-state actors such as criminal and terror groups and private sector responses.  The course will conclude with a simulation of a cyber incident for which students will provide a final presentation on their responses and “lessons learned”.

IAFF 6186: Emerging Threats

This MA seminar course provides a survey of emerging technology threats that are likely to have a significant impact on national security and global security dynamics, with a particular emphasis on Great Power Competition and the application of technology in the military domain.  It is a required course for the “Science & Technology'' concentration in the Elliott School’s Security Policy Studies MA program.  Hence, it pays special attention to a range of issues where science and technology play a major role.  Topics covered include how to think about technological change; revolutions in military affairs; conflict in the “gray zone;” technology diplomacy; nuclear weapons; cyberspace; advances in robotics and autonomous weapons systems; Artificial Intelligence and machine learning; as well as security challenges related to space, biotechnology, and quantum technologies. A scientific and technical background is not required but will enhance understanding of some issues. For each issue, we will analyze the politics of scientific and technological innovation by asking: What are the most relevant scientific and technological developments? Who benefits from these developments, and who loses out? What are the key drivers of change and who are the most salient actors involved? What risks and threats do these developments pose for security policies at the national and global levels? How should security policies be reformed in response to these developments?

IAFF 6186: Political Violence & Terrorism

What motivates individuals to engage in terrorism? Why do some violent national movements succeed or fail? Why do some political movements decide to use terrorism and others do not? Is terrorism effective? This course covers the causes, conduct, and consequences of political violence and terrorism, explores why the impacts of terrorism outweigh the material significance of actual attacks, and surveys methods and theories of countering terrorism and violent extremism. In the process, the course covers the definition of terrorism and terrorism types, it explores variation both in time and space, and shows perspectives from both practitioners and researchers of terrorism. In studying political violence, the course surveys some advanced analytic methods used in political science and intelligence analysis, including forecasting and structured analytic techniques. Students will come away from this course with a clear understanding of what terrorism is and how to effectively analyze it in a variety of policy, foreign relations, and transnational security contexts. 

IAFF 6186: Russia & International Security (Online)

Why does Russia behave the way it does in international security affairs? This course explores that question by examining the historical experiences, geopolitical realities, cultural narratives, and political institutions that shape Russian strategic behavior. Through an interdisciplinary set of readings, from historians and political scientists to anthropologists, economists, and literary voices, students will encounter the many perspectives that influence how Russia understands security, power, and vulnerability. Authors such as George Kennan, Stephen Kotkin, Mark Galeotti, Dmitri Trenin, and Svetlana Alexievich provide competing interpretations of Russian statecraft, strategic culture, and the lived experience of war. Because the course assumes no prior background in Russian studies, it begins by building a foundational understanding of Russia’s historical development—from imperial expansion and the Bolshevik Revolution to the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The course then examines key turning points in contemporary security politics, including the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Russia’s failure to integrate with Euro-Atlantic institutions after 1991, and the ongoing war in Ukraine. Students completing the course will be better equipped to analyze Russia’s national security strategy, including its nuclear doctrine, military modernization, and influence operations, and contribute meaningfully to policy debates concerning Russia and international security.

IAFF 6186: U.S. Grand Strategy

What should the United States do in the world? This course examines U.S. grand strategy, meaning the economic, diplomatic, and politico-military means that the state can employ to pursue its principal interests. The course first assesses the components of grand strategy: what are US interests, the means to achieve them, and the challenges to doing so. It then analyzes recent US grand strategies—the Cold War and 5 subsequent US administrations (Clinton, Bush, Obama, Trump and Biden). Finally, the course evaluates three principal options as the basis for grand strategic debates today. Whatever your passion or specialty in global affairs, this course gives both the framework within which it will be pursued, and the trade-offs that will have to be considered. It's the big picture for the United States' role in the world.

IAFF 6186: U.S. National Security (Online)

This seminar is a graduate survey course designed to examine the interests, actors, and processes involved in the making of US national security. We will explore key national security issues confronting US policymakers through the use of multimedia materials, discussions, assignments, and a crisis simulation. Topics include conceptual foundations of national security, grand strategy, national security actors and institutions, and selected topics of U.S. national security, such as nuclear proliferation, economic security, and foreign interventions. The course presumes familiarity with American politics and US history, as in-depth analysis of these topics will occur. Students are encouraged to keep up with relevant world events to facilitate discussion and their assessment of US national security policy.  By the end of the semester, students should be able to engage, understand, articulate and explain ideas and arguments about the US national security process and the complexity of American strategic interests and decision-making processes. 

IAFF 6186: Transnational Organized Crime

Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) is a graduate-level survey course that examines a variety of transnational criminal organizations and their illicit activities (e.g., money laundering, illicit trade, corruption, environmental crimes, drug trafficking, human trafficking, migrant smuggling, etc.). The course will focus on the historical, sociological, political, and economic factors relating to transnational criminal organizations and broad categories of organized crime/illicit trade. Throughout the course, there will be discussions on potential policy responses and their effectiveness in combating these actors and criminal behaviors. Students will be exposed to multidisciplinary, transnational organized crime literature and apply it to contemporary, transnational threats.  

IAFF 6186: Insurgency & Counterinsurgency (Online)

This course examines the dynamics of insurgency and counterinsurgency, and aims to familiarize students with the nature, dimensions and history of insurgency and counterinsurgency. The course introduces concepts, theories and analytic frameworks related to insurgency and counterinsurgency, and considers a range of issues to enable a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of insurgency strategy and tactics, as well as counterinsurgency doctrine. Issues examined include, how insurgency differs from other kinds of warfare, sources of insurgency, as well, the conditions under which insurgencies succeed or fail. Students will come away with deeper knowledge of insurgency and counterinsurgency through case studies across various geographies. The course will also develop understanding of other related topics, such as the relationship between conflict, security and economic development, stabilization and peacebuilding, and conflict resolution. We consider challenges faced by states in responding to insurgencies, policy solutions for different types of conflicts and what can be learned for future challenges in the contemporary era.

IAFF 6186: US Special Operations

This seminar is designed as a graduate course to examine the use of U.S. Special Operations Forces in pursuit of a broad range of national security objectives. Taught by a retired Army officer and veteran of both wars in Iraq who is a longtime student of Irregular Warfare, the course explores both historical and contemporary debates over Irregular Warfare and the use of Special Operations Forces. Although primarily focused upon U.S. Special Operations from World War II to the present, the course will also briefly delve into the origins of Special Operations in other countries.  Questions and topics to be discussed include: what are special operations; what are the different types of U.S. Special Operations Forces; what are the different roles and missions of each force element; what are the differences between regular and irregular warfare; how have Special Operations historically been used; how will Special Operations be used in the future; and what organizational and cultural challenges face the future force.  These topics are introduced to students using multiple heuristic tools, including lectures, discussions, case studies, policy debates, and guest speakers.

IAFF 6186: Asian Security (Online)

This graduate seminar explores the principal hard power security issues facing East, Southeast, South, and Central Asia as well as Australia, New Zealand, and the rest of Oceania. Now known as the “Indo-Pacific,” this enormous region comprises dozens of unique countries, many of which are critical to the security of the United States. The goal of this course is to offer students a survey of the key challenges facing the Indo-Pacific including: China’s economic and military rise; North Korea’s expanding nuclear weapons arsenal; sovereignty disputes between China and numerous Southeast Asian countries in the South China Sea; maintaining peace in the nuclear-charged India-Pakistan relationship; competition among great powers in Afghanistan and Central Asia; and China’s growing influence in Pacific Island nations. By the end of the course, students should have a greater appreciation for and awareness of how the Indo-Pacific impacts U.S. security interests.

IAFF 6186: China’s Military (Online)

This course focuses on the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and de facto state military of the People’s Republic of China. This course offers criteria and metrics to assess military forces that students will apply in critical analyses of the PLA. The course begins with the CCP’s assessment of its security environment and national security objectives that frame the requirements for China’s military.  It goes on to explore the assigned roles and missions of the PLA and the military capabilities necessary to accomplish those missions. Most classes will focus on the characteristics of China’s armed forces in the context of major warfare domains – land, maritime, air, space, cyberspace, and nuclear.  These classes will include overviews of weapons and equipment, force structure, operational capabilities, and force development goals for each of the military services.  Civilian-military relations and the fusion of civil capabilities to military missions will also be discussed.  The course does not require previous detailed knowledge of military affairs or the Chinese political system, but those who have not studied those areas may require additional reading to establish a sufficient foundation for class discussions.

IAFF 6186: Cyber Threats and Policy (Online)

Should private companies ever be allowed to “hack back” against cyber attackers? When should a cyber incident be treated as a national security event rather than a criminal matter? How should governments balance cybersecurity, civil liberties, and economic resilience in an increasingly digital society? When should policymakers regulate private-sector cybersecurity practices? Should ransomware payments be banned? How should governments prepare for disruptive cyber incidents affecting essential services?

This course examines how governments and institutions manage cyber risk in an increasingly digital and interconnected world. Designed for students without a technical background, the course develops the analytical tools needed to understand contemporary cyber threats and evaluate practical policy responses. Students will examine cybercrime, ransomware, infrastructure vulnerabilities, digital influence, privacy and surveillance, supply chain risk, and emerging technologies through the lens of governance, resilience, institutional decision-making, and public-private coordination. Through policy analysis, executive communication, and structured policy advocacy, students will learn to assess cyber challenges, navigate competing institutional and societal tradeoffs, and develop persuasive, actionable recommendations for decision-makers.

IAFF 6186: Cyber Strategy and Statecraft (Online)

Should states use cyber capabilities to spy on rivals, disrupt adversaries, or shape geopolitical outcomes without crossing the threshold of war? When does cyber espionage become coercion? Can cyber operations meaningfully deter adversaries, or do they primarily enable persistent competition below armed conflict? How should governments interpret ambiguous cyber operations carried out through proxies or deniable actors? When does a cyber operation become a use of force? How should alliances respond to cyber aggression when attribution is uncertain and escalation risks are unclear?

This course examines how states use cyber capabilities as instruments of national power in an era of strategic competition, intelligence contestation, and modern conflict. Designed for students without a technical background, the course develops the analytical tools needed to understand cyber power in geopolitical context and assess how governments employ cyber capabilities to pursue political, military, intelligence, and strategic objectives. Students will examine deterrence, coercion, espionage, hybrid conflict, proxy competition, alliance coordination, international law, and crisis decision-making through the lens of strategy and statecraft. Through strategic analysis, executive communication, and applied decision-making exercises, students will learn to evaluate state cyber behavior, interpret competing strategic claims, and assess cyber competition under conditions of uncertainty, ambiguity, and geopolitical risk.

IAFF 6186: Naval Strategy & Sea Power

This course introduces the theory and lexicon of sea power and examines the evolution of naval strategy and the application of sea power from the American Revolution through contemporary great power competition. It focuses on how sea power is used to achieve strategic and operational objectives in war and peace and explores how global/regional power shifts, domestic politics, economic drivers, and technological change shape naval strategy and force development. The course centers explicitly on an examination of naval strategy and the elements of US sea power that provide unique ways and means for defense/national/grand strategy ends, while serving as a component of the joint force. The course emphasizes analytical thinking to identify and consider both challenges and opportunities that arise in any study of contemporary naval strategy and sea power. Special attention is given to how scientific and technical innovation can both threaten and enable strategic options for US sea power in an era of great power competition. An examination of contemporary naval and maritime strategy and force structure design alongside case studies provides an opportunity to evaluate and discuss the nexus of naval ways, means and ends. 

IAFF 6208: Media and Foreign Policy

This course covers the theoretical and practical nexus of how media, public opinion, and other factors impact a government's foreign policy making process. The goal of this course is to develop an understanding of the interaction between foreign and domestic media, public opinion, other actors and those who craft and implement foreign policy. A variety of issues will be covered, such as how the foreign policy establishment operates, the role of policy forecasting, the influence of public opinion and media on policy formation, and other emerging issues. 

IAFF 6208: Online Information Manipulation and AI 

Adversaries of the U.S. and other democratic governments are taking advantage of our freedom of speech and innovation-driven information environments to spread division and doubt and weaken our national security through AI-enhanced disinformation. The course will provide an overview of current issues in Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) threats, countermeasures and cybersecurity policy. We will look at the history of state-sponsored disinformation and propaganda, particularly Russian and Soviet “active measures” and PRC digital authoritarianism, to better understand the techniques used to manipulate online audiences, and we will survey a wide variety of human- and AI-enabled tools used to amplify messaging and to cloak its origins, and how AI and other methods can also be employed to better protect ourselves and our societies from these threats.

Through exploration of a broad array of case studies, we will review current FIMI threats, and the strategies each adversary favors. The course will also evaluate the ways that individuals, groups, and nations can spot disinformation, forensically identify its sources, and build greater resilience to counter it, as well as policy options to disincentivize its propagation. A background in computer science, media and public affairs, or public policy/government is NOT required for this course.   

IAFF 6318: Politics of China I 

This is a foundational graduate course on modern and contemporary Chinese politics. Students will gain exposure to the principal events, issues, institutions, and individuals that have shaped (particularly post-1949) Chinese politics, as well as an appreciation of inherited traditions that have influenced Chinese politics over time. The class will also consider some of the pressing issues confronting the Chinese party-state today. Students will also be exposed to the key secondary literature on the subject. There are no formal prerequisites for taking this course, other than a strong interest in the subject and the willingness to work hard, read a lot, and actively participate in class. Although there is no prerequisite, previous background in modern Chinese affairs and theories of comparative politics are desirable. Those totally new to the study of modern China and contemporary Chinese politics will find their work cut out for them. Class meetings will primarily be comprised of lecture and discussion. 

IAFF 6318: Chinese Foreign Policy

This graduate-level course covers the foreign relations of the People’s Republic of China. The temporal focus of the course is on the contemporary (post-1949) period. Readings, lectures, and discussion will focus on the sources of China’s international conduct, its interactions with major powers, its relations and neighboring countries, its “footprint” in different regions of the world, the instruments in its foreign policy toolbox, its participation in global governance and international regimes, its national security environment and coercive capabilities, and its soft power. In addition to learning about the substance of these facets of China’s foreign relations and security, the course also seeks to instill several important practical skills to students: critical analysis; forecasting; oral presentation and policy advocacy; teamwork; and primary source research. Different assignments are designed to develop and advance these skills.

IAFF 6318: Korean Politics

This course analyzes political institutions, processes, and policy issues in South Korea (the Republic of Korea, ROK) and North Korea (the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, DPRK). We will pay particular attention to relevant theories and approaches in comparative politics and international relations. Readings and discussions will cover authoritarianism, economic development, democratic transition and consolidation, models of policymaking, state-society relations, and political participation. We will trace the evolution of political institutions and examine the legacies of Japanese colonial rule, national division, and authoritarian rule for contemporary politics. At the end of the semester, our focus will turn to inter-Korean relations and regional security. We will examine questions related to North Korea’s nuclear and missile development, illicit activities, and human rights and potential policies to address these issues, such as dialogue or sanctions. The course is designed to help you learn to analyze and write about sociopolitical developments in both Koreas, as well as in inter-Korean relations.

IAFF 6318: Contemporary China’s Economy

Is China’s contemporary economy a model of ideal development and nascent global leader, or is it a faltering experiment in hybrid system reform gone awry, or is it yet something else altogether? “Contemporary China’s Economy” will explore the factors and institutions comprising the economy of the People’s Republic of China, the history and other influences shaping its present and future, and domestic, international, technological, and other facets. Lecture and discussion will be based on English language assigned readings. Students will author and brief analytic projects in a style designed to inform policymakers.

IAFF 6318: Korea-Japan Relations

In this course, we will examine the “history issue” between Japan and the two Koreas in roughly chronological fashion. We will spend two weeks on “ancient history” and the Imjin War, then spend the remainder of the course focused on the 19th and 20th century, as well as contemporary ramifications for this history. The course objectives are as follows:

• Effectively situate contemporary Korean-Japanese relations within the broader historical context.
• Develop a nuanced understanding of the varying political contexts on the Korean Peninsula and in Japan in which the “history issue” is remembered in order to draw meaningful connections between the past and present.
• Relate historical memory and historiography to the fields of international relations and history in order to develop an interdisciplinary toolbox for research and analysis.

IAFF 6318: Women in Asia

This course examines the social, cultural, political, and economic roles of women in Asia in a comparative context, both in terms of historical development (from the mid-19th century to the present) and within different Asian societies. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the class will investigate the place of women in the family and in society, their relationships with one another and with men, and their relationship to politics and the state. By doing so, it will seek to identify major social and institutional constraints on Asian women for expanding their role in their respective societies and to explore both ideas and specific measures to narrow the existing gender gaps in these societies. Emphasis will be placed on China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea, but other countries in Southeast and South Asia will also be examined.

IAFF 6338: Russian Politics & Society War

This class explores in real time how Russia is being transformed by its own full-scale war against Ukraine.  The Russian regime has proven more resilient than was expected by Western pundits in terms of its stability, support from the population, ability to withstand the effects of sanctions, and attempts at bypassing international isolation. This class will explore what social sciences and IR tell us about Russia’s transformations both domestically and on the international scene. We will also look at the consequences of the war in Europe, the shifting US foreign policy toward Russia, and the attitudes of the Global South, and discuss how new digital tools such as open-source intelligence (OSINT) help us in breaking through the new Iron Curtain. We will adjust the class depending on the evolution of the conflict and the potentiality of a cease-fire.

IAFF 6338: Nationalism and Conflict

This is an in-person class that examines the origins and spread of nationalism as well as its powerful and often violent political consequences. The first half of the course introduces the most prominent explanations for the global emergence and spread of nationalism and equips you with the conceptual and analytical tools to evaluate them. We pay special attention to the importance of clear conceptualization in the study of social phenomena and carefully unpack core terms such as state, nation, nationalism, patriotism, minorities, identity, ethnicity, religion, class, and race. In the second half, we turn to nationalism’s role in secessionist wars, ethnic civil wars, nation-building projects, ethnic cleansing, and irredentist claims. Throughout the semester, we draw on cases from every region of the world to illustrate these dynamics. By the end of the course, students will be able to formulate precise research questions, construct and defend coherent arguments, and rigorously evaluate competing hypotheses about nationalism and conflict.

IAFF 6358: Democracy Under Siege in Latin America

Over the past decade, democracies across Latin America have faced mounting challenges—from entrenched authoritarianism in Venezuela and Nicaragua to acute constitutional crises in Peru and Ecuador and accelerating erosion in El Salvador and beyond. These developments have led many scholars and observers to warn of a possible third, enduring "counter-wave" of autocratization in the region. Public attitudes reflect the turbulence. Support for democracy dropped from 63% in 2010 to 48% in 2022, before modestly rebounding to 52% in 2024. Meanwhile, indifference to regime type rose from 16% to 28% over the same period, then declined slightly to 25% by 2024. In 2018, a striking 72% of Latin Americans expressed dissatisfaction with the way democracy was functioning—a figure that, while still high, fell to 65% by 2024. These numbers suggest glimmers of hope amidst deep concern. This course explores the root causes and consequences of democratic backsliding in Latin America. Why have certain democracies proven more vulnerable than others? How do economic shocks, institutional fragility, and social polarization contribute to democratic erosion? What are the broader implications for the region—and for global democracy? This course offers students a rigorous, conceptually grounded understanding of the region’s political trajectory. The first half of the semester introduces key theoretical frameworks to analyze democratic decline and resilience. The second half applies these frameworks to in-depth case studies across Latin America, allowing students to critically engage with contemporary events and anticipate future trends.

IAFF 6358: Political Economy of Latin America

This advanced upper-level seminar will focus on the politics of economic policymaking in Latin America, raising the following questions. We will begin with a comprehensive review of Latin America’s successes and failures with “big policymaking ideas” from import-substitution industrialization and the Washington Consensus, to a post-neoliberal emphasis on ‘growth with equity.’ What were the political reasons for adopting each new development model? What were the political and economic obstacles to prosperity? In order to shed light on these issues, students will also compare and contrast country cases of development throughout the region over time, from heterodox experiments in Argentina and Brazil and market-oriented strategies in Chile and Mexico in the 20th century to commodity boom models of economic growth and the re-emergence of state capitalism in the early 21st century. We will also turn outside the region to East Asia to examine the strengths and weaknesses of cross-national comparative development strategies. 

IAFF 6378: Political Economy of the Middle East

This course will introduce students to the political foundations of the regional economy of the Middle East & North Africa (MENA). Our approach is first to understand the global economy as a tightly integrated system in which transnational forces impose significant constraints on regions and states. There can be no such thing as an ‘Egyptian economy’ or a ‘Lebanese economy’ that exists independently of global forces like credit rating agencies, transnational agribusiness firms, commodities traders, etc. Once we comprehend that these forces permeate and shape states’ political economies we can then investigate this system in detail from two different angles: 1) how the economy of the MENA region is shaped by encounters with these external actors - colonizing governments, transnational firms, international financial institutions, development agencies, etc. and 2) how the MENA region has in turn impacted the global economy, for example how the region’s agricultural exports subsidize European consumption; how its oil exports influence the US economy; the role of Gulf petrodollars in shaping the world’s financial markets and patterns of Global South indebtedness, etc. We will examine the legacy and ongoing impact on the MENA of Western development and reconstruction agencies and their discourses, with special attention to the MENA’s ecology, its agrarian/rural zones, and how war has shaped patterns of economic and political development. Other important regional actors that will receive attention include MENA militaries, national oil companies, sovereign wealth funds and labor movements. This course will focus on critical (or heterodox) political economy approaches but include overviews of mainstream/orthodox approaches in order to provide an understanding of the evolution of theories and practices of economic development as applied to the MENA. 

IAFF 6378: US Foreign Policy of the Middle East

This course examines U.S. engagement in the Middle East since 1945 by studying the evolution of U.S. policy, reviewing key decisions, and assessing 21st century challenges. Students will build on this foundation to determine what U.S. national security interests are – and what U.S. priorities should be – in this region, and how ongoing changes in the global world order affects them. The course also seeks to provide an analytical framework for better understanding differing perspectives on U.S. policy. Student presentations, writing assignments, and active class discussion will help students improve the analytical, written, and oral communications skills essential for a successful career in international affairs. The instructor is a former career diplomat who served as a U.S. Ambassador and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs.

IAFF 6385: Africa in Global Geopolitics

This course explores Africa’s role in global geopolitics, focusing on the continent’s interactions with major world powers—including China, Russia, the United States, Gulf States, the European Union and more—as well as evolving intra-African geopolitical power dynamics. We will examine the historical, political, economic, and strategic factors shaping these relationships; the motives and modalities of great power engagement; and how African states are leveraging these dynamics to safeguard their independence, economic sovereignty, and influence in global affairs.

IAFF 6385: Power, Politics, and Development in Africa 

Students in this course will explore processes related to development—as both a phenomenon of study, and a field of practice—in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rather than a survey course focused on development projects and sectors on the continent, this course will instead focus on building students’ capacity to model decision-making, strategic interactions, institutional constraints on behavior, and other political and social processes which give rise to development outcomes. These capacities—which will be applicable to work and studies beyond the continent—will be reinforced with examination of both historical and current events. Students will have wide latitude in guiding their study to best meet their interests beyond the core motivating questions of the class, which are: What are the key causal inputs to lagging development in Sub-Saharan Africa, and what is the most impactful means to assess “interventions”? 

IAFF 6501: Quantitative Analysis in International Affairs Practices

This course is designed to provide a strong analytical foundation in elementary statistical reasoning and techniques, and the skills necessary to understand, evaluate, and critic, claims, and conventional wisdom and popular opinion. Topics include descriptive statistics; sampling and statistical inference; testing for differences between means; techniques for analyzing categorical data; correlation, and measures of association; summarizing and presenting statistical results; and some of the fundamental issues of research study design. The course is rigorous but does not require an advanced mathematics background. Class time will be a mix of lecture, discussion, and hands-on computer work. Class attendance is essential.

IAFF 6502: Intro to GIS I

In this course, students will further their knowledge and understanding of how to use geographic information systems (GIS) or mapping software as used in international security and conflict studies. This course will start with installation and initial set up of the open-source GIS program QGIS. It will then explore how GIS is used in conflict studies and the major advantages it provides over non-spatial datasets and analysis. It will then explore the different types of data that can be used in GIS and how to load and manipulate the data. Students will learn how to do basic analyses of the data and produce simple maps for publication. By the end of the course, students will be able to adequately describe how and when to use geospatial data in their analysis, produce basic maps that communicate results, and be prepared for more advanced GIS analysis methods courses. 

IAFF 6502: Public Opinion in International Affairs

The goals of the course are to make students conversant in survey research, better consumers of public opinion data and gain the ability to use survey data in their work—all without having to become a statistician! This course will offer specific examples of how public opinion data has been used to inform policymakers. It will provide an overview of the different methods of data collection as well as an introduction to sampling and questionnaire design and quality control

measures. This is followed by comparison of the validity of traditional survey research methods versus the more newly arrived social media sentiment analysis. Students will then be exposed to how data is interpreted and used to form the backbone of pithy and cogent analyses. The course will conclude with an exercise in which students will review a data set and draft a policy memo based on a particular theme. 

IAFF 6502: Tableau Data Visualization and Analysis

I have some data, now what!?!  This skills course is geared toward students looking to develop fundamental data skills using Tableau.  Students will work hands-on with Tableau (using a free Academic License) to analyze several datasets and create various types of visualizations.  Along the way, students will be challenged to think about how their visualizations can be improved to communicate their ideas and findings more clearly.  While this course is meant to be a gentle introduction to Tableau, even students who already have some experience in Tableau will likely find it rewarding.  Not only will this course help you build the foundational skills for evidence-based policy formulation, but it will also make you more marketable.  Tableau and data communication skills are in high demand among employers and can help set you apart in your professional career.

IAFF 6502: Writing for International Policymakers

Outstanding international affairs professionals inform and influence through clear and concise communications. Successful writers create a foundation for decision and action by efficiently providing context and logically presenting evidence. Effective policy writing anticipates a leader's needs and identifies challenges, present options, and uncover opportunities. This course uses short written assignments, exercises, and tailored feedback to hone the skills of accuracy, brevity, and clarity. We will write against the backdrop of current international affairs or national security challenges. Specific skills include the ability to start with your bottom line, explain complex information, develop recommendations, and write with proper syntax and grammar.

IAFF 6502: International Non-Profit Management

The nonprofit sector has grown exponentially in the last few decades – both domestically and internationally - and so have the competing demands to demonstrate data-driven results, raise public awareness and fundraise on multiple platforms. These competing demands require effective management skills to run non-profit organizations and achieve impact. Key skills include defining, understanding and ongoing assessment of an organization’s mission, communication and advocacy strategies, effective programs, development and financial targets, identification of fundraising opportunities and management of a team that may even meet in person regularly. This course will be taught by learning how to evaluate non-profit organizations using a Non-Profit Organizational Capacity Mapping Framework and by discussing Case Studies in class. Prior reading of the Case Studies for each seminar class is required because the case studies will be taught using the Socratic Method with students explaining the Case Studies and Responding to questions by the Lecturer and other students. The themes that will be covered by both the case studies and the Capacity Mapping Framework will include lectures and discussions about Mission; Program/Theory of Change; Evaluation & Log Frames; Fundraising & Communication Strategies; NGO Management in the 21st Century and Non-Profit Governance. For the course’s final project, students will be divided into teams and given the assignment to jointly draft and present a program proposal for funding that clearly demonstrates their grasp and application of the topics covered in the course.

IAFF 6502: Satellite Image and Security Policy 

Satellite imagery is a crucial part of any intelligence analyst’s portfolio. This skills course evaluates the role of commercial satellite imagery in security policy analysis across three main sectors: environmental and humanitarian security, military and intelligence operations, and current issues such as ethics and the incorporation of AI. At the end of this course, students will be able to locate satellite imagery datasets, interpret and manipulate satellite imagery using ArcGIS Pro, and develop an imagery analysis on a contemporary international security issue of their choice.

IAFF 6502: Tech for Int'l Crisis Response

The objective of the course is to expose ESIA graduate students to the concept of technology as a driver of development, and as a tool to mitigate crises or disasters. The course will discuss

International Institutions leading and regulating technology and crises responsiveness with a focus on technology for human capital development and disaster risk management. The course will also discuss technology as a double-edged sword, i.e. as a potential source of crises by Itself; by including discussions on latest trends related to Artificial Intelligence (AI), cyber security, data, and resilient infrastructure. This skills course will focus on the foundational aspects of technology, and the relevance of technology applications to respond to International crises, or/and disaster risk management.

IAFF 6502/6503: Negotiation Skills

This course helps students identify the aspects of their negotiation style that may be standing in the way of maximizing negotiation outcomes. It is grounded in classic Interest-Based Negotiation theory, with primary emphasis on practical application followed by self-reflection. The course is highly interactive and consists almost entirely of group exercises of increasing complexity, followed by debriefs of student performance. For that reason, attendance at all 20 contact hours is all but non-negotiable. Students should assume that full attendance is required. Because the course relies on live participation in exercises and debriefs, an absence is not equivalent to missing a lecture; it means missing essential course content that cannot be fully replicated outside class. There will be minimal in-class presentation of concepts. Students are therefore expected to complete the assigned book and all other materials posted on Blackboard before the first class. Whether the course is offered in person or online, students must come prepared with copies of all required worksheets and exercises.

IAFF 6502/6503: Formal Briefing 

This skills course will give students a foundation in giving formal briefings in a safe and supportive workshop environment.  Students will be encouraged to try different approaches in developing a personal briefing style and to develop foundational skills in public speaking through mini exercises and in-class performance of a formal briefing. Through reading materials, lecture, and in-class discussion, students will also be introduced to the various types of briefings, how to structure and organize each, how to communicate effectively with different audiences and venues, how to work with colleagues in developing and presenting materials especially on complex policy matters requiring a balancing of many different factors leading up to the actual presentation and delivery, and the elements of proper delivery through a learn-by-doing approach to developing a personal briefing style. Prior to the course weekend, there is required and optional reading, with the opportunity to discuss and reflect on the materials together in-class.  Also prior to the course weekend, students will submit to the instructor a draft written briefing so that class time can focus on refining the briefing and practicing delivery.  The draft briefing submitted prior to class can be as simple as an outline or as elaborate as a prepared slide deck on any topic and should take no more than five (5) minutes to present. To get the most out of the class, it is important to prepare as much as possible in advance as prep time prior to the in-class performance will be limited.  Details regarding the readings and draft briefing assignment will be sent to registered students prior to the class start date.

IAFF 6503: Defense Contracting

This course will provide students with an in-depth understanding of the role of government contracting in National Security and its role in ensuring military superiority.  It will benefit students interested in entering government service or the defense and government consulting/manufacturing world.   Students will learn about the development of requirements for critical assets and understand how industry translates these requirements into military assets and capabilities.  They will gain practical insight on how to analyze, shape and bid on solicitations within the Department of Defense and associated entities.  There will also be a simulation of how industry works to help the Government meet current and emerging issues.  In addition, they will learn about the often-hidden external considerations such as congressional pressures and inter-service rivalries that play a role in influencing the selection of a particular contractor.

IAFF 6503: Political Risk Analysis

This course examines the concept and foundations of political risk analysis and studies into empirical cases to understand the role that political risk plays in shaping the international business landscape and operating environment. The course explores various sources of political risk, considers how political risk develops and evolves, analyzes how this form of risk influences business decisions, and probes how firms, investors, and international actors manage and respond to political risk.  The course takes a multi-disciplinary approach drawing from international relations, economics, risk management, and strategic communications.  It begins with a focus on the foundations of political risk analysis before moving to the practical application of key methods and strategies used to analyze political risk.  Attention is given to country-based political risk as well as issue-based political risk. By identifying and analyzing existing and emerging political risks, and comparing strategies to measure and mitigate such risk at the macro and/or micro levels, students will learn how to approach each phase involved in political risk analysis.

IAFF 6503: DigitalGovernance&GovEfficiency

With governments increasingly using digital technologies to increase revenue, target expenditure and deliver public services, this course will review policies and implementation of digital governance both in developed and developing countries. It will discuss concepts of efficiency and explore how politics and economics together determine the role of digital technologies to improve government efficiency.

IAFF 6898: Capstone Workshop

First part of a two-semester sequence that addresses a concrete policy problem or issue in international affairs. In small teams, students refine the policy question of the capstone project, develop a research strategy, select appropriate research methods, and begin research. Continued in IAFF 6899.

IAFF 6899: Capstone Course

Second part of a two-semester sequence. Completion of the capstone sequence by conduct of the group's research, completion of the capstone report, and oral presentation of research findings and recommendations. Prerequisite: IAFF 6898.

IAFF 6118: US Foreign Policy Decision-Making

This course will examine U.S. leadership decision-making in global, regional, bilateral, and multilateral contexts. The main objective of the class is to acquire an understanding of the U.S. foreign policy decision-making process. It will explore interagency, intra-Departmental, and intra-Embassy foreign policy leadership challenges; as well as the skills and judgment required to lead policy and people during sudden political change in-country and in the United States, while confronting an insurgency and/or a failed state, wartime and high security threat environments, dealing with dictators, conducting high-level negotiations, and developing national security strategy. For those interested in serving in the US government, or in another government or institutional setting, this course will provide you with an excellent foundation in and understanding of the various challenges in policy-making and the variety of instruments to address them.

IAFF 6118 Understanding Geopolitics and Leadership

This online course is designed to advance the careers of professionals by strengthening their skills to exercise effective leadership in a dynamic and complex geopolitical environment. Until recently, geopolitics was often viewed as secondary to policy and market forces. Today, geopolitics is playing an increasing role in driving strategic decision-making and institutional performance across public, private, and non-profit sectors. This course responds to this reality by equipping leaders with the analytical and practical tools needed to manage uncertainty, identify risk, and assess emerging opportunities. The course is organized around five major international crises since World War II, which serve as case studies for examining key concepts in international affairs and leadership. Through structured analysis, guided reflection, and applied discussions, students will connect historical and contemporary events to their own professional practice and development. The course also features renowned guest speakers from diverse professional backgrounds to share firsthand perspectives on how geopolitics shapes leadership and decision-making. These engagements provide students with practical insights into how theory translates into real-world practice. This course is part of the Elliott School’s Executive Education program and required for the Leadership in International Affairs Credential.

IAFF 6138: Development Project Implementation

Congratulations, your development project has been funded! This graduate seminar takes you through the process of implementing a development project from kick-off to exit. Combining theory and practice in weekly case study settings, you will learn how to navigate and overcome implementation challenges, such as making sense of conflicting monitoring data, managing donor expectations, and achieving project sustainability. Through experiential learning approaches, you ultimately will build crucial skillsets for a future career in development.

IAFF 6138: Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption

This course explores the pivotal intersection of legal frameworks and anti-corruption strategies in shaping sustainable international development. Students will examine how weak legal institutions and pervasive corruption undermine national security, hinder market growth, and stall democratic progress. Drawing on insights from foreign policy, national security, and development assistance experts, the course unpacks the multifaceted impacts of corruption while investigating innovative strategies that embed anti-corruption measures within robust development frameworks. Through real-world case studies, students will analyze scenarios where corruption both obstructs progress and destabilizes fragile societies. The curriculum emphasizes the critical role of a strong rule of law in fortifying democratic institutions and enabling successful democratic transitions in developing nations. Participants will gain practical skills and tools for designing effective foreign assistance programs tailored to diverse geopolitical contexts. The course culminates in a research project, allowing students to critically assess the interplay between legal systems, governance, and anti-corruption efforts in a country of their choice.

IAFF 6163: Transnational Security & Illicit Finance

Transnational threat actors exploit the globalization of commodity and capital flows to carry out illicit activities, raise revenue, and move and hide funds. Their operations adversely affect human, national, and international security as well as the integrity of the global financial system. Illicit networks cannot function without money, and the international community has adopted a range of tools to combat their financial schemes and mechanisms. This course will examine the character of illicit networks’ financial operations and how they intersect with other transnational trends that threaten security. It will also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of economic and financial countermeasures relative to other policy tools for disrupting illicit networks, applying coercive pressure, and supporting conflict resolution.

IAFF 6173: Security and Development

What is the impact of war on society and how can international development practitioners, diplomats, and security actors collaborate with communities and states to build back better? Fragility is multi-dimensional and solutions must be equally holistic to be effective. Transitional states are crowded places as local, regional, and international actors rush in to help, profit, gain influence, and or spoil reform efforts. With distinct values, capabilities, and perspectives, these external inputs must be aligned with local realities, capacities, and aspirations. Through this course, you will learn and apply a set of practical tools to develop international development interventions that first and foremost do no harm, and at their best, achieve sustainable, demand-driven impact that positively transforms the lives of those who have lived with war. Equipped with field-based case studies and real world professional experience; you’ll have a credible basis for pursuing a career in a transitional environment.

IAFF 6186: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency

This course examines the dynamics of insurgency and counterinsurgency, and aims to familiarize students with the nature, dimensions and history of insurgency and counterinsurgency. The course introduces concepts, theories and analytic frameworks related to insurgency and counterinsurgency, and considers a range of issues to enable a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of insurgency strategy and tactics, as well as counterinsurgency doctrine. Issues examined include, how insurgency differs from other kinds of warfare, sources of insurgency, as well, the conditions under which insurgencies succeed or fail. Students will come away with deeper knowledge of insurgency and counterinsurgency through case studies across various geographies. The course will also develop understanding of other related topics, such as the relationship between conflict, security and economic development, stabilization and peacebuilding, and conflict resolution. We consider challenges faced by states in responding to insurgencies, policy solutions for different types of conflicts and what can be learned for future challenges in the contemporary era.

IAFF 6186: US National Security

What is in the national interest of the U.S.? Who decides national security policy? What lessons can we learn from past U.S national security challenges? In this graduate survey course, we will examine the interests, actors, and processes involved in the making of U.S. national security. We focus on issues confronting U.S. policymakers using multimedia materials, discussions, written assignments, and a crisis simulation. Topics include U.S. grand strategy, national security actors and institutions, and selected issues in U.S. national security including nuclear proliferation, economic security, and foreign interventions. This course presumes some familiarity with American politics and U.S. history, and students should keep up with relevant world events to facilitate discussion and their assessment of U.S. national security policy.  By the end of the semester, students will be able to assess and engage with the U.S. national security process, strategic interests, and decision-making procedures.

IAFFF 6186: Transnational Organized Crime

Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) is a graduate-level survey course that examines various transnational criminal organizations and their illicit activities, including money laundering, illicit trade, corruption, environmental crimes, drug trafficking, human trafficking, and migrant smuggling.  The course will focus on the historical, sociological, political, and economic factors related to transnational criminal organizations and broad categories of organized crime and illicit trade. Throughout the course, discussions will focus on policy responses and their effectiveness in combating these actors and their associated criminal behaviors. Students will be exposed to multidisciplinary, transnational organized crime literature and apply it to contemporary, transnational threats.

IAFF 6198: Privatization, Nationalization, and Public-Private Partnership

"Inside the daily chaos of politics, there seems to be a new invisible foundation: the era of the era of big government being over is over." Lemann, New Yorker, 28 October 2024. We have entered an era of huge changes in the government role in the economy. The USA has adopted an “industrial policy” of government intervention in the structure of the economy. The Energy Crisis and the COVID-19 Crisis saw nationalizations, sanctions, and selective government bailouts of firms in many countries. 

Where better to examine Business & the State than GW, in the heart of the US capital? This course examines the state’s role in industry and markets, spotlighting interactions between public and private sectors.  It complements and builds on traditional Business & Public Policy courses, which employ a USA-centric lens of public sector developing and enforcing rules, and private sector operating within them, trying to influence them, even evading them. The course focuses on both consequences – how and whether the privatization and public-private partnerships improve financial and operating performance. and causes – the rationales for privatization and supporting policies through three perspectives: (1) Management and corporation governance issues after privatization including the impact of privatization and competition on the capital formation, output pricing, and structural change of privatized firms; (2) Effect of privatization on government efficiency, and the effect of the introduction of competition on the public accountability including allocation, distribution, and stabilization; (3) Impact of privatization on consumers in terms of access, reliability, price, quality and distributional equity.

IAFF 6502: Disinformation and Freedom of Expression

A functional democracy requires the public to trust the information they rely on to make decisions. While numerous types of problematic information – including disinformation, misinformation, and propaganda – have always existed, networked technologies make it easier for media manipulators to spread inaccurate, misleading, and hateful information. In 2018, thirteen Russians were indicted for waging a three-year disinformation campaign to disrupt American democracy. Non-state actors also sought to incite partisanship and strategically suppress participation in the 2016 election. Extremist groups and partially automated accounts (“bots”) run by foreign state groups both propagated false rumors and conspiracies after a school shooting to shape the political reaction. In 2024, a multinational firm in Hong Kong fell victim to a scam resulting in the loss of $25.6 million when fraudsters tricked him using AI deepfake technology to pose as the company’s chief financial officer during a video conference call. And researchers are now confirming common sense about such damaging gossip: false information spreads faster than the truth. This course will critically examine disinformation – and related phenomena – key spreaders, the psychology of it, its impact on democracy and human rights, and the role of technology in amplifying it. It will then analyze potential interventions by civil society organizations and governments. In addition to deconstructing the problem of disinformation and critically analyzing potential solutions, students will learn how to plan communications campaigns and projects to counter disinformation. 

IAFF 6502: Formal Briefing

This skills course will give students a foundation in giving formal briefings in a safe and supportive workshop environment.  Students will be encouraged to try different approaches in developing a personal briefing style and to develop foundational skills in public speaking through mini exercises and in-class performance of a formal briefing. Through reading materials, lecture, and in-class discussion, students will also be introduced to the various types of briefings, how to structure and organize each, how to communicate effectively with different audiences and venues, how to work with colleagues in developing and presenting materials especially on complex policy matters requiring a balancing of many different factors leading up to the actual presentation and delivery, and the elements of proper delivery through a learn-by-doing approach to developing a personal briefing style. Prior to the course weekend, there is required and optional reading, with the opportunity to discuss and reflect on the materials together in-class.  Also prior to the course weekend, students will submit to the instructor a draft written briefing so that class time can focus on refining the briefing and practicing delivery.  The draft briefing submitted prior to class can be as simple as an outline or as elaborate as a prepared slide deck on any topic and should take no more than five (5) minutes to present. To get the most out of the class, it is important to prepare as much as possible in advance as prep time prior to the in-class performance will be limited.  Details regarding the readings and draft briefing assignment will be sent to registered students prior to the class start date. 

IAFF 6502: Fundraising in International Affairs

This course explores strategies, ethics and practical skills for fundraising in the context of international affairs. Students will learn how to design fundraising campaigns, engage donors, and navigate global fundraising challenges while promoting transparency and sustainability. Case studies will examine both domestic 501 (c) (3) organizations as well as foreign-based NGOs. Students will also study the impact that the dismantling of USAID has had on global non-profit policy and direct-service organizations. 

IAFF 6502/6505: Data Analysis & Visualization with Tableau

I have some data, now what!?!  This skills course is geared toward students looking to develop fundamental data skills using Tableau.  Students will work hands-on with Tableau (using a free Academic License) to analyze several datasets and create various types of visualizations.  Along the way, students will be challenged to think about how their visualizations can be improved to communicate their ideas and findings more clearly.  While this course is meant to be a gentle introduction to Tableau, even students who already have some experience in Tableau will likely find it rewarding.  Not only will this course help you build the foundational skills for evidence-based policy formulation, but it will also make you more marketable.  Tableau and data communication skills are in high demand among employers and can help set you apart in your professional career.

IAFF 6502: Ethics in International Affairs

This is a course in applied ethics, dealing with questions and problems of ethics that occur in international affairs.  Among other concerns, this includes such issues as human rights both national and international, international business, war, globalization, and global assistance and humanitarian intervention(s). We will discuss and analyze, and attempt to find ways and/or methods or steps or techniques to solve ethical disputes and issues that arise in international affairs. Registration restricted to graduate students only. This course includes asynchronous instruction from 5/27 - 6/27 with synchronous sessions being held on 06/07 and 06/08.

IAFF 6502: The Art of Leadership in Decision-making

This course will help students understand the different styles of leadership and, by doing so, help explain why a particular leadership style is successful in light of the unique external political environment that a leader confronts. Successful leadership is also influenced by the group of people around the leader, as well as the leader’s self- awareness and ability to adapt their style to reach objectives. The class will examine the styles of eight political leaders as case studies, describe the political environments in which they operated, and delve deeper into the role of “the individual” in success or failure. Through interactive discussions and real-world case studies, students will learn how to drive positive change. Students will assess their own leadership style, describe a situation in which they influenced a decision, evaluate the success of that decision, and explain how their style impacted the outcome.

IAFF 6503: Negotiation Skills

This course helps students identify those aspects of their negotiating style that stand in the way of maximizing their negotiation outcomes. It is based on classic Interest-Based negotiations theory, with a focus on practical application, then followed by self-reflection. It is a highly interactive course composed almost entirely of a series of group exercises with varying degrees of complexity, and then debriefing of students' performance. Therefore, attendance of all 20 hours of class is mandatory, and there will be minimal presentation of concepts. Students are expected to read the book and other assigned materials uploaded onto the course's Blackboard page BEFORE the first class. Regardless of whether the course is given online or in person, students are expected to come ready with copies of their worksheets and exercises to work with.

IAFF 6503: Strategic Communication

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, communication across cultures becomes critical to understanding the globalized workplace. This course will examine practical approaches to understanding culture and effective communication strategies through scholarly work, discussion, interaction, and presentation. The goals for this course include:

• Use lectures, academic readings and discussions, as well as elements of reflection to discuss theory and practice surrounding cross-cultural communication
• Examine, apply, and challenge various approaches, theories, concepts, and cross-cultural communication models
• Discuss key academic and professional skills relevant to cross-cultural communication
• Create an awareness of underlying aspects in the practice of cross-cultural communication

IAFF 6503: Intro to R

This course will help you familiarize yourself with the R programming language and RStudio integrated development environment (IDE). R is a free tool primarily used for statistical analysis. R is open source and benefits from several contributions (“packages” or “libraries”) made by independent researchers. Statistical analysis is critical for effective, evidence-based policy making, and R counts itself among the highly sought-after skills in the policy realm. In this class you will learn the fundamentals needed to create effective R scripts, run basic analyses, and troubleshoot (or debug) your code. You will also acquire the tools necessary to further develop your R skills to attain advanced-level programming knowledge.

IAFF 6503: Advocacy in IA

This course examines how individuals, organizations, and governments shape international policy and global norms through strategic advocacy. Students will study how NGOs, governments, activists, international organizations, and the private sector advance their priorities on issues like climate change, global health, human rights, trade, and other issues. Through case studies and hands-on simulations, students will learn how advocacy campaigns are built, how coalitions are formed, and how strategic messaging moves policy. Students will develop practical skills in policy analysis, persuasive writing and presenting arguments, coalition-building, media strategy, and stakeholder engagement. The course connects theory to practice, equipping students with skills used in diplomacy, global nonprofits, government agencies, international institutions and international business. By the end of the course, students will be able to design and present an advocacy campaign grounded in research, ethical reasoning, and strategic communication that addresses or persuades on a current international issue.

IAFF 6503/6505: International Business Data with PowerBI

In this course you'll embark on a journey to master the essentials of data visualization and cleaning techniques using Power Query. Learn the art of creating compelling visualizations, enabling you to communicate business insights effectively. Dive into the intricacies of Power Query to skillfully clean and shape international datasets, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of your analyses.

IAFF 6521: US Foreign Policy Summer Program

This course examines the process of formulating and conducting U.S. foreign policy, the history that informs it, the political culture that sustains it, the ideas and interests that drive it, and the people and institutions responsible for it. Students will interact with leading officials, experts, and members of advocacy groups to gain an understanding of the many influences and perspectives that are brought to bear on U.S. foreign policy.  Students will acquire an appreciation of the institutional context in which policy is made and implemented.  The course includes opportunities for experiential learning. The class will include short talks by policy experts, who will join our class or whom we will visit.  They will make presentations, answer questions, and engage in discussion. Students will practice persuasive public speaking through explaining and defending their draft policy memos. The written policy memo is useful training in short and effective analytical writing. The exercise provides an opportunity for students to analyze policy, recommend policy changes, advocate for them, and spell out strategies for their implementation. 

IAFF 6899: Capstone Course

Second part of a two-semester sequence. Completion of the capstone sequence by conduct of the group's research, completion of the capstone report, and oral presentation of research findings and recommendations. Prerequisite: IAFF 6898.